Substrates glass

The birefringence of substrate materials for optical data storage devices requires special attention, especially in the case of EOD(MOR) disks. Birefringence has no importance for glass substrates (glass does not exhibit any significant birefringence) and is only a subordinate factor for polymeric protective layers of aluminum substrates because of their reflective read/write technique. 

FIG. 18 SEM pictures of self-assembled layers of particles Ic prepared from latex dispersions of different pH value (substrate glass support modified with 3-AMDS, dipping time 1 h, latex concentration 3 mg/mL T = 23.5°C). (From Ref. 98, with permission from Elsevier, Amsterdam.)... 

FIG. 19 Light transmittance ( = 650 mm) of alternating mnltUayer of particles lb and 2 vs. number of deposited particle layers. (+) or (—) indicate that positively or negatively charged particles, respectively, were deposited in the last adsorption step (substrate glass modified with 3-AMDS and subsequently acidified). (From Ref. 156.)... 

It has been found that various material properties are thickness-dependent. Raman experiments show a dependence on the type of substrate (glass, c-Si, stainless steel, ITO on glass) and on the thickness (up to 1 /nm) of the films [392,393]. Recent transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results also show this [394]. This is in contrast to other results, where these effects are negligible for thicknesses larger than 10 nm [395, 396], as is also confirmed by ellipsometry [397] and IR absorption [398] studies. 

Figure 3.26. Structure of an OLED. S = substrate (glass), ANO = anode (e.g., ITO — indium tin oxide), HIL = hole injection layer (e.g., Cu phthalocyanine), HTL = hole transport layer, EML = emission layer, ETL = electron transport layer, EIL = electron injection layer (e.g., LiF), KAT = cathode (e.g., Ag Mg, Al). The light that is generated by the recombination of holes and electrons is coupled out via the transparent anode.

The adsorption of alkyl and aryl isocyanides on Au film [26, 32, 33], powder [36, 37] and nanoparticles [39, 41, 42] has been studied using several different techniques IR methods (RAIR, ATR-IR, DRIFT), Raman methods (SERS), X-ray methods (NEXAFS), ellipsometry (OE, SWE) and contact angle measurements (ACA). The gold surface is not oxidized under normal conditions consequently, the experiments were performed in air at room temperature. The gold film was obtained by physical vapor deposition of 100-200 nm of gold on different substrates glass [28, 33], mica [33], silicon [25, 27, 31, 32], ZnSe crystal [26]. A... 

Under optimal conditions this layer can be transferred to a solid substrate (glass or metal) and several monomolecular layers can be deposited in this way. These L-B films represent highly organized molecular assemblies on a macroscopic scale, since not only the distance between neighbouring molecules but also the relative orientations of their chromophores can be determined. The distance dependence of photoinduced energy and electron transfers have been investigated in L-B films. The R6 dependence of the Forster dipole-dipole mechanism has been confirmed, but it must be realized that some questions remain concerning the possible role of defects in the film structures. 

The separation of the carrier-substrate (glass spheres) from the dried product is not complete enough. 

Much of the research into VOC emissions from paints has been carried out using impermeable substrates (glass, metal) rather than the porous substrates used in buildings. This can have a significant influence on the quantity and duration of VOC emissions. Tichenor (1995) described the research with a polyvinylacetate latex paint applied to stainless steel or gypsumboard and evaluated for 7 days. 

Roll L (1989) Integrated optical components in substrate glasses, Glastechn Ber 62, Nr 8, 285... 

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) transfer of a monolayer of an amphiphilic molecule (compressed in a Langmuir trough to fixed area and constant film pressure controlled by mechanical barriers, shown in projection) from the air-water interface onto a solid substrate (glass microscope slide) with a hydrophilic surface hydrophilic end of molecule onto hydrophilic surface. 

Optically transparent electrode — (OTE), the electrode that is transparent to UV-visible light. Such an electrode is very useful to couple electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of systems (- spectroelectro-chemistry). Usually the electrodes feature thin films of metals (Au, Pt) or semiconductors (In203, SnCb) deposited on transparent substrate (glass, quartz, plastic). Alternatively, they are in a form of fine wire mesh minigrids. OTE are usually used to obtain dependencies of spectra (or absorbance at given wavelengths) on applied potentials. When the -> diffusion layer is limited to a thin layer (i.e., by placing another, properly spaced, transparent substrate parallel to the OTE), bulk electrolysis can be completed in a few seconds and, for -> reversible or - quasireversible systems, equilibrium is reached for the whole solution with the electrode potential. Such OTEs are called optically transparent thin-layer electrodes or OTTLE s. 

This mixture forms a monolayer at the air-water interface. This monolayer is then transferred on a substrate (glass, quartz, CaF2) by a horizontal lifting method. The neutral films so obtained are oxidized, that is, doped , in situ with gaseous bromine or by galvanostatic electrochemical oxidation at constant current (261). The RT conductivity of the films is 30 S cm 1, and they behave as a metal down to 200 K, below which temperature the behavior remains quasimetallic. However, after aging in vacuum, the film behaves like a semiconductor from RT down to 10 K. 

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