Sensors glucose biosensor

Zhong X, Yuan R, Chai Y, Liu Y, Dai J, Tang D (2005) Glucose biosensor based on self-assembled gold nanoparticles and double-layer 2d-network (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxy-silane polymer onto gold substrate. Sensor Actuator B 104 191-198... 

Sensors for glucose are most important and have received most attention. The preferred format still is based on the use of glucose oxidase (GOx). Other glucose biosensors using immobilized glucose oxidase132 134 or a pH... 

Rosenzweig Z., Kopelman R., Analytical properties and sensor size effects of a micrometer-sized optical fiber glucose biosensors, Anal. Chem. 1996 68 1408-1413. 

Like the electrochemical sensors, optical biosensors for glucose are designed with an oxygen-sensitive optical sensor. 

W. Trettnak, M.J. Leiner and O.S. Wolfbeis, Optical sensors. Part 34. Fibre optic glucose biosensor with an oxygen optrode as the transducer, Analyst, 113(10) (1988) 1519-1523. 

There is increasing interest in the use of specific sensor or biosensor detection systems with the FIA technique (Galensa, 1998). Tsafack et al. (2000) described an electrochemiluminescence-based fibre optic biosensor for choline with flow-injection analysis and Su et al. (1998) reported a flow-injection determination of sulphite in wines and fruit juices using a bulk acoustic wave impedance sensor coupled to a membrane separation technique. Prodromidis et al. (1997) also coupled a biosensor with an FIA system for analysis of citric acid in juices, fruits and sports beverages and Okawa et al. (1998) reported a procedure for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and glucose in soft drinks with an electrochemical filter/biosensor FIA system. 

Z. Rosenzweig and R. Kopelman, Analytical Properties and Sensor Size Effects of a Micrometer-Sized Optical Fiber Glucose Biosensor, AnaL Chem. 1996,68, 1408. 

For this reason, in the last decade, inorganic electrochemical mediators, which catalyse the oxidation or reduction of H202 have been preferred to HRP and have been used for the assembling of oxidase-based biosensors [18-20]. This results in a decrease of the applied potential and the consequent avoidance of electrochemical interferences. Many electrochemical mediators have been used and many of them have found broad application, especially in glucose biosensors for diabetes control. However, due to the solubility of the mediator, they are generally employed in a single-use sensor and present some problems due to the low operative stability. 

G. Cui, S.J. Kim, S.H. Choi, H. Nam and G.S. Cha, A disposable ampero-metric sensor screen printed on a nitrocellulose strip a glucose biosensor employing lead oxide as an interference removing agent, Anal. Chem., 72 (2000) 1925-1929. 

Nanomaterials can also be applied to glucose biosensors to enhance the properties of the sensors and, therefore, can lead to smaller sensors with higher signal outputs. Carbon nanotubes have been incorporated in previously developed sensors and seen to increase the peak currents observed by threefold.89 Platinum nanoparticles and single-wall carbon nanotubes have been used in combination to increase sensitivity and stability of the sensor.90,91 CdS quantum dots have also been shown to improve electron transfer from glucose oxidase to the electrode.92,93 Yamato et al. dispersed palladium particles in a polypyrrole/sulfated poly(beta-hydro-xyethers) and obtained an electrode response at 400 mV, compared to 650 mV, at a conventional platinum electrode.94... 

YangM, Yang Y, Liu B, ShenG, YuR. Amperometric glucose biosensor based on chitosan with improved selectivity and stability. Sensors and Actuators B 2004, 101, 269-276. 

Miscoria S, Barrera G, Rivas G. Glucose biosensors based on immobilization of glucose oxidase and polytyramine on rodhinized glassy carbon and screen printed electrodes. Sensors and Actuators B 2006, 115, 205-211. 

Brown JQ, Srivastava R, McShane MJ. Encapsulation of glucose oxidase and an oxygen-quenched fluorophore in polyelectrolyte-coated calcium alginate microspheres as optical glucose sensor systems. Biosensors Bioelectronics 2005, 21, 212-216. 

Therefore, another type of planar glucose biosensor with Pt electrodes on a sihcon substrate has therefore been developed for in vivo measurements [61]. The enzyme glucose oxidase was immobilized by the well known GDA-BSA method and the whole sensor was covered subsequently by a polyurethane membrane. This sihcon chip has to be sawed and assembled on a flexible carrier for in vivo application, the assembled catheter was successfully evaluated in rats [79]. This sensor gives encouraging results in aqueous solutions and subcutaneous apphcations. Drawbacks of this include the complicated mounting and assembling procedures which are difficult and cumbersome. 

Mashazi, P. N., Ozoemena, K. I. and Nyokong, T. (2006), Tetracarboxylic acid cobalt phthalocya-nine sam on gold Potential applications as amperometric sensor for H2O2 and fabrication of glucose biosensor. Electrochim. Acta, 52(1) 177-186. 

The most important and most studied applications of enzyme biosensors are to detect and monitor blood glucose, followed by lactate, because of the medical applications of such sensors. Thus, by initially detailing the development of glucose biosensors we can better understand and trace the general development of enzyme biosensors containing polymeric electron transfer systems. 

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