Nanocomposite film

NON-EPITAXIAL ORIENTED Ll0 FePt X (X = Ag, C, B203) NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS 

Under normal growth conditions, Tl0-phase FePt and FePt based films often possess (111) preferred or random orientations. In order to control crystal 

The effect of matrix concentration on orientation, intergranular interactions and magnetic properties has been investigated for /,10 FePtiAg nanocomposite films. The Ag contents varied from 0 to 20 vol %. As shown in Fig. 33, all films clearly show the (001) superlattice peaks indicating that the Ag content (matrix) has relatively small affection on orientation. 

Hysteresis loops for L10 nanocomposite FePt C film is shown in Fig. 35. Inset is the XRD patterns of the same FePt C film, on which (001), (002) peaks appear indicating that FePt grains are (001) oriented. The full width at 

The nanostructure of nonepitaxially grown Zl0 FePt C thin film was characterized by TEM. As shown in Fig. 36, the bright-field image reveals that FePt grains with uniform size less than 5nm are embedded in the carbon matrix and appear to be well isolated. 

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The sol—gel process can be utilized to yield products within a wide range of appHcations. Some of these appHcations include production of nanocomposites, films, fibers, porous and dense monoliths, and biomaterials. 

When a solvent diffuses across a neat polymer, it must travel the thickness of the sample (do). When the same solvent diffuses through a nanocomposite film with nanoclays, its path length is increased by the distance it must travel around each clay layer it strikes. According to Lan et al. [99] the path length of a gas molecule diffusing through an exfoliated nanocomposite is... 

FIGURE 3.9 Visual appearance of (a) ACM30 and (b) ENR30 hybrid nanocomposite films. The number indicates the wt% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) concentration. (From Bandyopadhyay. A., Thesis submitted for PhD degree to Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, August 2005.)... 

Polyimide-clay nanocomposites constitute another example of the synthesis of nanocomposite from polymer solution [70-76]. Polyimide-clay nanocomposite films were produced via polymerization of 4,4 -diaminodiphenyl ether and pyromellitic dianhydride in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solvent, followed by mixing of the poly(amic acid) solution with organoclay dispersed in DMAC. Synthetic mica and MMT produced primarily exfoliated nanocomposites, while saponite and hectorite led to only monolayer intercalation in the clay galleries [71]. Dramatic improvements in barrier properties, thermal stability, and modulus were observed for these nanocomposites. Polyimide-clay nanocomposites containing only a small fraction of clay exhibited a several-fold reduction in the... 

Damle et al. observed that the reduction of the Pd(II) ions in the stearic acid-Ag nanocomposite film leads to the formation of a mixture of individual Ag and Pd nanoparticles as well as particles in the Ag-core/Pd-shell structure. Thermal treatment of the stearic acid-(Ag/Pd) nanocomposite film at 100 °C, however, resulted in the formation of an AgPd alloy [142]. 

Wang, S.J., Cheng, G., Jiang, X.H., Li, Y.C., Huang, Y.B., and Du, Z.L. (2006) Direct observation of photoinduced charge redistribution of WCfi—Ti02 double layer nanocomposite films by photoassisted Kelvin force microscopy. Applied Physics Letters, 88 (21), 212108. 

Ruland and Smarsly [84] study silica/organic nanocomposite films and elucidate their lamellar nanostructure. Figure 8.47 demonstrates the model fit and the components of the model. The parameters hi and az (inside H ) account for deviations from the ideal two-phase system. Asr is the absorption factor for the experiment carried out in SRSAXS geometry. In the raw data an upturn at. s o is clearly visible. This is no structural feature. Instead, the absorption factor is changing from full to partial illumination of the sample. For materials with much stronger lattice distortions one would mainly observe the Porod law, instead - and observe a sharp bend - which are no structural feature, either. 

Fig. 1.12 (A) Increase in surface plasmon ab- and from mixtures with lower chitosan concen-sorptionasAu nanoparticles are produced from a tration (ii) or lower HAuCI4 amount (iii) six reaction mixture containing 1 % chitosan, 1 % different self-sustained nanocomposite films acetic acid and 0.01 % tetrachloroauric (III) acid showing the control over the optical properties. (HAuCU) (B) shiftofsurface plasmon absorption Reprinted with permission from [164], 2004, for films prepared from the previous mixture (i), American Chemical Society.

Xu, Y. and Hanna, M.A.Chitosan/day nanocomposite films preparation and characterization Abstract in 2005 IFT Annual Meeting July 15-20, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

A colloidal suspension of conductive vanadium pentoxide [130] can be used to perform intercalation, adsorption or encapsulation of electroactive molecules or biomolecules for electrodes or biosensor realization [131]. Encapsulation of glucose oxidase in nanocomposite films made with polyvinyl alcohol and V205 sol-gel matrix or in ferrocene intercalated V2Os sol-gel [132] were envisaged to prepare glucose biosensors. 

M.D. Gulcev, G.LG. Goring, M. Rakic, and J.D. Brennan, Reagentless pH-based biosensing using a fluorescently-labelled dextran co-entrapped with a hydrolytic enzyme in sol-gel derived nanocomposite films. Anal. Chim. Acta 457, 47-59 (2002). 

Ruland, W. Smarsly, B. M. 2007. 2D SAXS of self-assembled nanocomposite films with oriented arrays of spheres Determination of lattice type, preferred orientation, deformation and imperfection. J. Appl. Cryst. 40 409 417. 

R. Toledano, R. Shacham, D. Avnir and D. Mandler, Electrochemical Co-deposition of Sol-Gel/Metal Thin Nanocomposite Films, Chem. Mater., 2008, 20, 4276. 

Joshi PP, Merchant SA, Wang YD, Schmidtke DW (2005). MEMS sensor material based on polypyrrole-carbon nanotube nanocomposite film deposition and characterization. J. Micromech. Microengin. 5 2019-2027. 

Fig. 12.2 A foldable, bendable battery paper invention which can be inserted under the skin as a pacemaker and powered in part by bodily fluids, (a) A postage-stamp-sized battery as thin as paper, (b) the flexible nanocomposite film battery used to glow a red light-emitting diode (LED)...

Fig. 12.3 Fabrication of the nanocomposite paper units for battery, (a) Schematic of the battery assembled by using nanocomposite film units. The nanocomposite unit comprises LiPF6 electrolyte and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) embedded inside cellulose paper. A thin extra layer of cellulose covers the top of the MWNT array. Ti/Au thin film deposited on the exposed MWNT acts as a current collector. In the battery, a thin Li electrode film is added onto the nanocomposite, (b) Cross-sectional SEM image of the nanocomposite paper showing MWNT protruding from the cel-lulose-RTIL ([bmlm] [Cl]) thin films (scale bar, 2pm). The schematic displays the partial exposure of MWNT. A supercapacitor is prepared by putting two sheets of nanocomposite paper together at the cellulose exposed side and using the MWNTs on the external surfaces as electrodes, (c) Photographs of the nanocomposite units demonstrating mechanical flexibility. Flat sheet (top), partially rolled (middle), and completely rolled up inside a capillary (bottom) are shown (See Color Plates)...

Fig. 12.3 Fabrication of the nanocomposite paper units for battery, (a) Schematic of the battery assembled by using nanocomposite film units. The nanocomposite unit comprises LiPF6 electrolyte and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) embedded inside cellulose paper. A thin extra layer of cellulose covers the top of the MWNT array. Ti/Au thin film deposited on the exposed MWNT acts as a current collector. In the battery, a thin Li electrode film is added onto the nanocomposite.

D. Chen, H. Zhu, T. Liu, In situ thermal preparation of polyimide nanocomposite films containing functionalized graphene sheets, ACSAppIMater Interfaces, vol. 2, pp. 3702-3708, 2010. 

Yang, B., et al., Embedding graphene nanoparticles into poly (N, N -dimethylacrylamine) to prepare transparent nanocomposite films with high refractive index. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012. 22(39) p. 21218-21224. 

Most appHcations of these nanocomposite films have focused on the effects of these films on the electrochemical reactivity of their metal supports. For... 

Thermal treatment of the nanocomposite film formed in Scheme 6 converts the amic acid groups of the film to imides (Eq. 15). In addition to evidence by IR spectroscopy, elhpsometry showed that the film thickness decreased by ca. 15% and contact angle goniometry showed that the film became more hydrophobic (see Table 2). This thermally treated film also did not have the pH dependent permeability of redox-active ions previously described for dendrimer/Gantrez films on gold substrates [55]. 

Reactive Sputtering. Nanocomposite films of Ni3N/AlN, CoN/BN, and CoN/ Si3N4 were synthesized by reactive sputtering of a nickel aluminide, a cobalt boride,... 

This is truly reflected in the morphology of the uncured clay preexfoliated rubber nanocomposite films (NLu NA) prepared by the latex blending method (Fig. 7a). Curing the NR/NA nanocomposites in situ prevulcanization (No>NA) does not alter the arrangements of dispersed clay layers greatly, as seen from the... 

The formula (11) in view of relations for /ie and /ih describes above-mentioned basic features of size effects in semiconductor crystal. It is important that as against metals, semiconductors show appreciable quantum dimensional effects at the sizes of particles from 3 to lOnm (depending on electronic structure of the semiconductor and sizes of AE0) [20]. Such nanoparticles are usually formed at synthesis of nanocomposite films. 

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