Subcutaneous monitoring

Most of the recent attention has been given to the development of subcutaneously implantable needle-type electrodes [14, 15, 34, 38]. Such devices track blood glucose levels by measuring the glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid of the subcutaneous tissue (assuming the ratio of the blood/tissue levels is constant). Subcutaneously implantable devices are commonly designed to operate for a few days and be replaced by the patient. Success in this direction has reached the level of short-term human implantation  

Electrochemical Sensors, Biosensors and Their Biomedical Applications 

FIGURE 3.5 Design of an implantable three-layered glucose biosensor for subcutaneous monitoring (based on [15]). 

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D. Bindra, Y. Zhang, G. Wilson, R. Sternberg, D.Trevenot, G. Reach, and D. Moatti, Design and in vitro studies of a needle-type glucose sensor for subcutaneous monitoring. Anal. Chem. 63, 1692-1696 (1991). 

D. Moscone and M. Mascini, Microdialysis coupled with glucose biosensor for subcutaneous monitoring, Analysis, 21 (1993) M40-M42. 

A miniaturized thermal flow-injection analysis biosensor was coupled with a microdialysis probe for continuous subcutaneous monitoring of glucose [34]. The system (Scheme 1) consisted of a miniaturized thermal biosensor with a small column containing co-immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase. The analysis buffer passed through the column at a flow rate of 60 pl/min via a 1-pl sample loop connected to a microdialysis probe (Fig. 11). 

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