Electrochemical glucose biosensors

The goal of this chapter is to examine the history and current status of electrochemical glucose biosensors, and discuss their principles of operation along with future challenges. 

Historical landmarks in the development of electrochemical glucose biosensors... 

Table I provides a comparison of the performance of the dendrimer-based electrochemical glucose biosensors. It is found that many of the dendrimer electrode assemblies show reasonable linear range and detection limit. Their stability assessment and high sensitivity values indicate good scope for commercialization. The bi-enzyme model is better than the conventional mono-enzyme model in terms of lower detection potential which can help to circumvent the interferences due to other biomolecules during the measurements.

Wang, J. (2008) Electrochemical glucose biosensors. Chemical Reviews, 108 (2), 814-825. 

One major interesting application of Biosensor has been the development of a wearable artificial pancreas and the studies associated with development. This devise has never reached the market stage even if several scientists addressed the problem and demonstrated the possibility to resolve it. In 1976 Clemens et al incorporated an electrochemical glucose biosensor in a bedside artificial pancreas . It was later marketed by Miles (Elkhart) as the Biostator Glucose-Controlled Insulin Infusion System (60 Kg, 42 x 46 x 46 cm) (Rg. 1). 

Li, Z., et al. Application of hydrophobic palladium nanoparticles for the development of electrochemical glucose biosensor. Biosens. Bioelectron. (2011)... 

Wang, J. (2008) Electrochemical glucose biosensors. Chem. Rev., 108,814-825. Scampicchio, M., Arecchi, A., Lawrence, N.S., and Mannino, S. (2010) Nylon nanofibrous membrane for mediated glucose biosensing. Sens. Actuators, B, 145,394-397. Arecchi, A., Scampicchio, M., Drusch, S., and Mannino, S. (2010) Nanofibrous membrane based tyrosinase-biosensor for the detection of phenolic compounds. Anal. Chim. Acta, 659, 133-136. 

Enzymes have been widely used as biorecognition elements in biosensors as they are able to catalyze reactions that produce electrochemical, optical, and thermal sig-nals." " Most popularly, glucose oxidase is widely used in electrochemical glucose biosensors that have found wide usage in clinical and medical settings. Enzymes offer ease of immobilization on transducers by physical adsorption, covalent linkage, and... 

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