Glass-reinforced polyethylene

Petra 140 (Allied Signal) is a 40 percent glass-reinforced polyethylene tereph-thalate from recycled soda bottles. It has a tensile strength of 26,000 psi and a heat-deflection temperature of 225°C at 264 psi. PC23MS-200 (MCR Polymers) contains at least 25 percent recyclate from personal computer compact disks and polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles. DMDA-1343NT polyethylene (Union Carbide) contains 28 percent color-sorted recyclate and has physical properties similar to those of virgin stock. Encore resins (Hoechst Celanese) are a family of plastics based on 100 percent reclaimed thermoplastics such as acetal, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, nylon 6/6, and liquid crystal polymer. 

Koh et al. [15] investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of glass-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate and showed that the molding process used was very important in achieving optimal mechanical properties. 

GLASS REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE POLYURETHANE, PVC AND COPOLYMERS GLASS REINFORCED PVC... 

Figure 3-127. Stress Rupture for Glass-Reinforced Polyethylene and Polyethylene-Acrylic Add Graft Copolymers ...

Cyclic Tensile Fatigue of Glass-Reinforced Polyethylene and... 

Composite glass-reinforced polyethylene (PE-GF) piping products, where short glass fibers are mixed directly into the polymer matrix in polymer extrudate, are a recent development and have been introduced for large-diameter piping applications, up to 120-in. diameters and even larger, in Europe. 

Liquid polyalurninum chloride is acidic and corrosive to common metals. Suitable materials for constmction of storage and handling facilities include synthetic mbber-lined steel, corrosion resistant fiber glass reinforced plastics (FRP), ceramics, tetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE), poly(vinyhdene fluoride) (PVDF), polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVG). Suitable shipping containers include mbber-lined tank tmcks and rail cars for bulk shipment and plastic-lined or aH-plastic dmms and tote bins for smaller quantities. Except for aluminum chlorohydrates, PAG products are shipped as hazardous substances because of their acidity. 

Shipment ndStora.ge. The crystalline material is shipped as a nonha2ardous material, in polyethylene-lined fiber dmms. The solution can be shipped in dmms or bulk. Suitable materials of constmction for handling ammonium thiocyanate are aluminum, 316 stainless steel, mbber, poly(vinyl chloride), and glass-reinforced epoxy. Steel, 304 stainless steel, and copper alloys should be avoided (375,376). 

Corrosion. Aqueous solutions of citric acid are mildly corrosive toward carbon steels. At elevated temperatures, 304 stainless steel is corroded by citric acid, but 316 stainless steel is resistant to corrosion. Many aluminum, copper, and nickel alloys are mildly corroded by citric acid. In general, glass and plastics such as fiber glass reinforced polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and cross-linked poly(vinyl chloride) are not corroded by citric acid. 

By permission, Norton Chemical Process Products Corp., Bull. SI-72 and Bull. PTP-1 other manufacturer s data are equivalent, f Also available in polypropylene (including glass reinforced) high density polyethylene, rigid PVC, fluorinated vinyls. 

Lauke B. and Schultrich B. (1986a). Calculation of fracture work of short glass fiber reinforced polyethylene for static and dynamic loading rates. Composites Sci. Technol. 26, 1-16. 

The growth of these materials is reflected in the number of polymers which are being glass reinforced. These include polypropylene, polystyrene, styrene acrylonitrile, nylon, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, modified polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, acetal, polysulfone, polyurethane, poly (vinyl chloride), and polyester. In addition, the reinforced thermoplastics available now include long-fiber compounds, short-fiber compounds, super concentrates for economy, a combination of long and short fibers, and blends of polymer and fibrous glass. 

If "acid brick" is to be used, the glass-reinforced asphalt membrane is now applied in the usual manner, and the brick laid over it, expansion joints carefully laid out and placed on the usual centers. If a monolithic, whether a %" topping or a polymer concrete, is to be applied, polyethylene separator bars should be set above the cracks around the periphery of every sheet, the monolithic placed, the bars removed, and the cavities thus formed filled with expansion joint sealant. If this is not done, you can be certain that, sooner or later, the monolithic will develop cracks at these points, telegraphing through the surface the pattern of the plywood sheets below it. 

Weights referenced to polyprop)1ene other plastics available, high density polyethylene, glass reinforced polypropylene and fluorinated vinyls... 

Also available in polypropylene (including glass reinforced) high density polyethylene, rigid PVC, fluorinated vinyls. 

Polypropylene Foams Polypropylene foams are comparatively recent entries into the structural foam field, supplanting hi -density polyethylene foams, but their use is increasing rapidly because of the extreme range of grades and properties available, plus a favorable price advantage, compared with other thermoplastic foams. Glass-reinforced (30% glass) polypropylene foams are commonly used (13). 

Alathon [Du Pont], TM for a polyethylene resin. Alathon G-0530, designated as a reinforced polyethylene, contains 30% by weight of glass fiber treated with a proprietary coupling agent that optimizes its reinforcing properties. 

Thennoset polyesters, such as Glyptal, alkyds and glass reinforced unsaturated polyesters have been available for several decades but Injection moldable polyaryl esters are relatively new. Whinfield and Dickerson extruded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers (Dacron) in the 194O s. ( )pET was also extruded as film (Mylar) in the 1950 s but this polymer was not blow molded commercially until the 1970 s. 

Certain polymers are used largely, if not exclusively, for corrosion control purposes. The significant markets for corrosion control by polymers are composites (primarily glass-reinforced thermosetting resins) PVC pipe, polyethylene pipe, and fluoropolymers. 

PET scrap suitable for glycolytic recycle includes production waste, fibers, film, flake, and bottles. In a practical system, major contaminants are separated from feedstocks, e.g., bottle waste is cleaned and separated from a polyethylene base, paper labels, metallic caps, and liners. For many end uses, colored PET must also be segregated. (Highly modified copolymers, glass-reinforced resin, fiber, or fabric blends are not suitable for glycolysis. These can only be recovered by methanolysis/hydrolysis.) Since reaction time depends on surface area, PET feedstocks must be reduced to relatively small particles by grinding, cutting, etc. 

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