Copolymer modifiers

Some of the properties of fibres obtained from PAN and from AN copolymers modified with acqueous solutions of ammonium sulfide are shown in Table 3. 

Oyane, A., Kawashita, M., Nakanishi, K, Kokubo,T., Minoda, M., Miyamoto, T. and Nakamura, T. (2003) Bonelike apatite formation on ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer modified with silane coupling agent and calcium silicate solutions. Biomaterials, 24, 1729-1735. 

For some examples, see e.g. (a) Hogan CF, Harris AR, Bond AM et al (2006) Electrochemical studies of porphyrin-appended dendrimers. PhysChemChemPhys 8 2058-2065 (b) Jang W-D, Nishiyama N, Zhang G-D et al (2005) Supramolecular nanocarrier of anionic dendrimer porphyrins with cationic block copolymers modified with polyethylene glycol to enhance intracellular photodynamic efficacy. Angew Chem Int Ed 44 419 -23 (c) Loiseau F, Campagna S, Hameurlaine A et al (2005) Dendrimers made of porphyrin cores and carbazole chromophores as peripheral units. Absorption spectra, luminescence properties, and oxidation... 

Kanazawa, H., Kashiwase, Y, Yamamoto, K., Matsushima, Y, Kikuchi, A., Sakurai, Y, and Okano, T. Temperature responsive liquid chromatography 2. Effect of hydrophobic groups in A-isopropylacrylamide copolymer-modified silica, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 823-830. 

Polyurethane-acrylic coatings with interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized from a two-component polyurethane (PU) and an unsaturated urethane-modified acrylic copolymer. The two-component PU was prepared from hydroxyethylacrylate-butylmethacrylate copolymer with or without reacting with c-caprolactonc and cured with an aliphatic polyisocyanate. The unsaturated acrylic copolymer was made from the same hydroxy-functional acrylic copolymer modified with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. IPNs were prepared simultaneously from the two-polymer systems at various ratios. The IPNs were characterized by their mechanical properties and glass transition temperatures. 

Over the years it has been shown that complexes prepared from organophosphorous ligands in combination with peroxotungstic acid or its quaternary ammonium salts exhibit efficient catalytic properties. In order to make an efficient recycling of the catalyst possible and get tungsten-free products and effluents, some of these catalysts were immobilized onto polystyrene, poly benzimidazole and polymethacrylate copolymers modified by the introduction of the phosphorous(V)-containing ligands. 

Originality Poly(hydroxymaleimide-co-hydroxystyrene) copolymers modified with... 

Fig-1 Schematic representation of the CDSD chemical modification of a homopolymer chain a initial conformation formed by a homopolymer globule b chemical modification (surface coloring ) c resulting copolymer. Modified chain segments are shown in gray... 

Fig. 10 (a) Structure of PS-fc-PMEOjMA. (b) Copolymer-modified surface in a hydrophobic... 

Lundgren, A., Hjertberg, T., and Sultan, B.-A. 2007. Influence of the structure of acrylate groups on the flame retardant behavior of ethylene acrylate copolymers modified with chalk and silicone elastomer. J. Fire Sci. 25 287-319. 

Hermansson et al. carried out extensive investigations on the fire-retardant behavior of ethylene-acrylate copolymer modified with chalk and silicone elastomer.30 32 They have shown that incorporation of a silicone elastomer (at 5wt.%) and chalk filler (at 30wt.%) can greatly improve the flame-retardant properties of ethylene butyl acrylate formulations. The results show that, compared to the pure polymer, an increase in the LOI from 18 to 30, and a decrease in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) from 1300 to 330kW/m2 were observed. 

The presence of insoluble materials in the polymerization mixture may have some control on the structure of the polymeric skeleton. Seidl et al. reported that the micro structure of skeletons of ion-exchange resins, based on the copolymers of styrene and DVB, can be controlled by carrying out the polymerization in presence of an inert material and by adjusting the reaction conditions and concentration of DVB. The micro structure depends on the parameter of interaction and on the molar volume of the inert material. In the case of copolymers modified by an inert component with high molar volume and interaction parameters, microstructures with small measureable surfaces and pores with relatively large radii are obtained. 

Ion-exchange packing materials are chemically modified silica or styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, modified with ionic functional groups, e.g., n-propylamine, diethylaminopropyl, alkyl-N" (CH3)3, carboxylic acid, or benzenesulfonic acid. The retention is primarily influenced by the type of counter-ion, the ionic strength, the pH and modifier content of the mobile phase, and the temperature. 

Modification of vinyl and acrylic polymers have Included attachment of poly(PVL) blocks to poly(ethylene-co-vlnyl acetate-co-methacryllc acid).(20) Tetrabutylammonlum salts of the copolymer In THF were reacted with PVL to lead to a copolymer modified with blocks of poly(PVL) along the chain. The highly crystalline mlcro-... 

Hradil, J.,F. Svec, and J. M. J. Frechet, Mechanism of Phase-Transfer Catalysis Using Glycidyl Methacrylate-Ethylene Dimethacrylate Copolymers Modified with Tributylammonium Groups in Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions, Polymer, 28, 7595(1987). 

Koblend. [Monledipe Sri] Styrene copolymers, modifi antisbocit... 

Stereon . [Firestone Syn. Rubber] SBR copolymer modifier for thermoplastic resins. 

Koblend. [Montedipe Sri] Styrene copolymers, modified antishocl ... 

The formation of macrocomplexes was observed [67] during the mechano-chemical dispersion of A1C13-6H20 with styrene and divinylbenzene copolymers modified by iminodiacetic groups, the co-dispersion of salts with PVC and in... 

A lower but still rather high activity in two-phase hydroformylation was also exhibited by rhodium complexes with ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and butyl ether of poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer modified with diphenylphosphines 3-4 [59]. 

Palladium complexes with poly(ethylene oxide)s and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers modified with iminodipropionitrile groups are catalysts for Wacker oxidation of unsaturated compounds in aqueous and water-alcohol media [64,65]. The yields of the product, methyl ketone, was above 90%, and the catalyst activity considerably exceeded the activity of similar low molecular weight catalytic systems. 

The results suggest that the application of stretching stress is more important than elevated temperatures in producing a-crystals. At higher speeds, j8-crystals are formed to some extent. A detailed prescription for the preparation of a PET copolymer modified with 20 mol-% naphthalate (PETN-20) is disclosed in the literature. ... 

General Description Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymer is a copolymer resin ranging in vinyl acetate content from 7.5 wt% to 33 wt%. DuPont Elvax and Equistar Ultrathene grades vary by vinyl acetate content. Some grades are available with antiblock and slip additives. The vinyl acetate units in the copolymer modify the basic polyethylene structure and its properties. The addition of vinyl acetate to polyethylene provides lower sealing temperature, increased flexibility, improved optical properties, greater adhesion, increased impact, and puncture resistance. 

Ji, J., Keen, J., Zhong, W.-H., 2011. Simultaneous improvement in ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of multi-functional block-copolymer modified solid polymer electrolytes for lithium ion... 

Different levels of copolymers, modifiers, or other additives in the recycled material can frustrate those who try to combine various sources of SCTap and produce a quality product. 

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