Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles

PET Polyethylene terephthalate Beverage bottles, frozen food, boil-in-bag pouches, microwave food trays... 

Petra 140 (Allied Signal) is a 40 percent glass-reinforced polyethylene tereph-thalate from recycled soda bottles. It has a tensile strength of 26,000 psi and a heat-deflection temperature of 225°C at 264 psi. PC23MS-200 (MCR Polymers) contains at least 25 percent recyclate from personal computer compact disks and polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles. DMDA-1343NT polyethylene (Union Carbide) contains 28 percent color-sorted recyclate and has physical properties similar to those of virgin stock. Encore resins (Hoechst Celanese) are a family of plastics based on 100 percent reclaimed thermoplastics such as acetal, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, nylon 6/6, and liquid crystal polymer. 

In addition to MA, phthalic anhydride, and ethylene glycol, other common intermediates used for the production of unsaturated polyesters are fumaric acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol. Table 12.1 provides a summary of both common and specialty building blocks used in polyesters and contributions made by these intermediates to the properties of the products. Recycled polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles may one day become an important raw material for unsaturated polyester resin production, providing an alternative for a substantial part of the petroleum-based intermediates. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were commercially introduced to the market place for the first time in 1976, by Pepsi Cola. The bottles were supplied by Amoco from their Seymour, IN plant, blown on Cincinnati Milacron machines, from preforms molded in molds supplied by Broadway Mold in Dayton, OH. The PET bottle introduction coincided with the FDA-forced withdrawal of the Monsanto supplied Coca Cola ANS bottles, making it the only plastic carbonated soft drink (CSD) bottle on the market. Fig. 33.3 shows a Continental Can Company (CCC) bottle produced in the company s first PET bottle blow molding plant in 1977. A second important milestone was the introduction in Japan by Yo-shino in 1982 and in the United States by Monsanto in 1985, of bottles suitable for hot filling, a typical filling method for perishable beverages like juices. The Yoshino and the Monsanto bottles are shown in Eig. 33.4 and Fig. 33.5, respectively. 

Perhaps the most important polyester is polyethylene terephthalate), commonly known as PET (or PETE 1 on plastic beverage bottles). The annual production of PET in the United States is of the order of 108 kg (105 metric tons). Much of this is converted into fabric (trade name, Dacron) or magnetically coated film (Mylar). 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) an amorphous polymer is available in an engineering grade. It is extensively used in beverage bottles and films. 

Polyethylene terephthalate is the dominant material for the manufacture of carbonated beverage bottles Why are the bottles clear despite the tendency for this polymer to form crystalline domains ... 

On the state level, the interplay of plastics and legislation began in 1978 with the introduction of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottle. In a relatively short time, nine states introduced Tx)ttle bills," or deposit laws on the return of plastic bottles. In these states, the deposit laws account for collection of an estimated 80 to 95% of the PET bottles sold. At present, at least 30 states are looking into some sort of waste management legislation involving plastics. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used extensively in rigid containers, particularly beverage bottles for carbonated beverages. 

PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate) Most clear beverage bottles (used by many, including Dasani and Crystal Geyser) Best used in moderation recycle after one use. 

When compared to EBM, the IBM procedure permits the use of plastics that are suitable for EBM and, more important, those unsuitable for EBM. Specifically it is those with no controllable melt strength such as the conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that is predominantly used in large quantities using the stretch IBM method for carbonated beverage bottle (liter and other sizes). 

Concerns about health effects caused by low levels of residual monomers in PVC and acrylonitrile resins promoted the consideration of condensation polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (41). Packaging resins based on acrylonitrile are extraordinarily good barriers that were considered for carbonated beverage bottles. The furor over residual monomers in these materials stunted their growth in spite of improved technology to reduce residuals to barely detectable levels. The step reaction polymer, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) has intrinsically much lower residual monomers in the as-made polymer, and it has become the material of choice for the carbonated beverage market (42). 

Another example is the switch by The Coca-Cola Company to bio-PET with is characterized by a 20% bio-based carbon content (http //www.coca-colacompany.com/ our-company/introducing-plantbottle, accessed 10 July 2013). Polyethylene terephthalate bottles are extensively used for packaging beverages, water, and a number of other food and nonfood items (Figure 14.4). Polyethylene terephthalate is manufactured by condensation... 

PET (Polyethylene Tercphthalate) A saturated thermoplastic polyester formed by condensing ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. It is extremely wear and chemical resistant and dimensionally stable. It also has a low gas permeability in comparison to HDPE, LDPE, PP and PVC which is why it is used so extensively for carbonated beverage bottles. 

The resins that are commonly injection molded include high and low density polyethylenes, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate the latter as beverage bottle preforms that are subsequently blown. 

As far as traditional plastic applications are concerned, aromatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) are widely used, (e.g., PET bottles for beverages), but these polyesters are commonly considered as biologically inert and thus, cannot be considered as biodegradable. 

Plastic materials have become basic and indispensable in our life. To protect against contamination and conserve them, food products are distributed in different plastic packages bags, bottles, boxes, etc. that contain all kinds of edible products liquid (water, milk, cold beverages) or solid (fruit, meat, fish, frozen foods, etc.). The group of commercial plastics, also termed commodity plastics, consists of the most used polymers in terms of volume and number of applications. They are mainly polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), high-and low-density polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and, in lower proportion, polycarbonate (PC) [71. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a versatile engineering plastic with excellent thermal and chemical resistance and mechanical performance. It is used extensively as fibers for apparel, in films for packaging, in bottles for beverages, and in engineering components. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer formed by the reaction of ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) and terephthalic acid. Because PET is lightweight and impervious to air and moisture, it is commonly used for transparent soft drink containers. PET is also used to produce synthetic fibers, sold under the trade name of Dacron. Of the six most common synthetic polymers, PET is the most easily recycled, in part because beverage bottles that bear the recycling code "1" are composed almost entirely of PET. Recycled polyethylene terephthalate is used for fleece clothing and carpeting. In Chapter 30, we learn about the preparation and properties of synthetic polymers like polyethylene terephthalate. 

Terephthalic acid (TA) produced in a purified form (PTA) is used almost exclusively in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET polyester) fibers. A smaller percentage of PTA is used for the manufacture of polyester films, polybutylene terephthalate resins and barrier resins for carbonated beverage bottles. Between 1994 and 1998, global PTA capacity increased by 62%, from lOmilfionto 17 million metric tons. Approximately 70% of worldwide PTA capacity is located in the Asia-Pacific region. ... 

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