Potential future

Successful application of the SILP concept has also been achieved in continuous gas-phase carbonylation of methanol using a Monsanto-type catalyst system that contains the catalytically active species as the IL anion, impressively demonstrating the high efficiency of the thin IL catalyst phase. 

(eds) (2000) Phosphines as ligands, in Rhodium Catalyzed Hydroformylation (Catalysis by Metal Complexes), Kluwer Academic Publisher. 

Ultralow Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reaction Enabled by Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts 

The catalysts operate at two different temperatures at 300-500 °C (high temperature shift, HTS, Fe203/Cr20j) followed by a low-temperature shift (LTS, Cu0/Zn0/Al203) around 180-270 °C. In such modern two-stage WGS converter systems, the CO concentration is reduced to about 0.3 mol% from the high level of 10-50 mol% obtained in the outlet of the reformer. 

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R Regnier and G. Huang, Future potential of targeted component analysis by multidimensional liquid cliromatography-mass spectrometry , J. Chromatogr. A 750 3-10 (1996). 

In general, the Michael addition of a-substituted amide dienolates to a,/j-unsaturated esters is a method with great future potential for the diastereoselective construction of adjacent tertiary and quaternary stereogenic centers80. 

Aapro MS 5-HT3 receptor antagonists an overview of their present status and future potential in cancer therapy-induced emesis. Drugs 42 551-568, 1991... 

Mehrotra RC (1991) Present Status and Future Potential of the Sol-Gel Process. 77 1-36... 

Process Input Max. input Cl Gate fee ( ) Excl. collection /pretreatment (gate fee for a large scale plant in brackets) Status Products/fate 1. Organic fraction 2. Chlorine 3. Metals Capacity Future potential Remarks... 

Aggarwal S.L., Structure and properties of block polymers and multiphase polymer systems An overview of present status and future potential. Polymer, 17, 938, 1976. 

S. J. Pirt, Principles of Microbe and Cell Cultivation, Blackwell, Oxford (1975). J. R. Postgate, New advances and future potential in biological nitrogen fixation. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 57 185 (1974). 

Gonzalez, F. J. Idle, J. R. (1994). Pharmacogenetic phenotyping and genotyping. Present status and future potential. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 26, 59-70. 

Lowe, J. J. (ed.) (1997), Radiocarbon Dating Recent Applications and Future Potential, Wiley, New York. 

The following points may be made regarding future potential advances in C02 fixation ... 

During the last decade there was a rapid expansion in the organic sector of European agriculture (Fig. 15.1). By the end of 2002, organic farming in Europe accounted for 5.8 million hectares on 190 000 holdings. This represents 4% of European agricultural land area, with 10% or more in some countries, and an annual retail market currently valued at more than 10 billion (Lampkin, 2004). The current scale and future potential of the sector is enormous. 

These problems in turn were hampering the successful design and/or operation of long-distance pneumatic conveying systems and hence, the future potential of this method of transport to a wide variety of industries. 

Blow tank technology was introduced extensively after World War II to not only improve plant efficiency but also to extend the future potential of pneumatic conveying (e.g., long-distance and/or large-throughput... 

Wypych, P. W., Kennedy, O. C., and Arnold, P. C., The Future Potential of Pneumatically Conveying Coal through Pipelines, Bulk Solids Handling, 10(4) 421 127 (1990)... 

Kaushik P, Malik A (2009) Fungal dye decolourization recent advances and future potential. Environ Int 35 127-141... 

In the different volumes of this new series we will feature catalysts for oxidation and reduction reactions, hydrolysis protocols and catalytic systems for carbon-carbon bond formation inter alia. Many of the catalysts featured will be chiral, given the present day interest in the preparation of single-enantiomer fine chemicals. When appropriate, a catalyst type that is capable of a wide range of transformations will be featured. In these volumes the amount of practical data that is described will be proportionately less, and attention will be focused on the past uses of the system and its future potential. 

Hoffman, Bruce, Al Qaeda, Trends in Terrorism And Future Potentialities An Assessment, 2003, RAND P-8078. 

The availability of biomass and the allocation of biomass resources across energy sectors are crucial, as this energy source is faced with high expectations with regard to its future potentials. Although the potential analysis undertaken here is focused on the electricity sector, with regard to biomass, all energy sectors have been considered. The total domestic availability of solid biomass is approximately 221 Mtoe/yr (9.2 PJ/yr).3 To indicate the European perspective in a broader context, it is assumed that biomass can be imported to the European market. Specifically ... 

This includes future potential applications in radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, new chiral enantiopure NJ, 0 tripod ligands have been developed starting from cheap compounds of the chiral pool. 

Cyanobacterial hydrogen production Present status and future potential... 

The emerging of CEC and the increased scientific work on the preparation of different phases, characterization, and applications of the CEC columns have given much credence to their future potentials in microseparations. The fabrication and availability of different phases for analysis with both particle-packed and monolithic columns give the technique a great future. This is because a variety of mechanisms can be exploited in the analysis and separation of compounds that could otherwise be difficult to analyze with HPLC or CE alone. The ease of coupling CEC to sensitive detectors such as mass spectrometers for enhanced sensitivity, structural elucidation, and characterization bestows the technique with great versatility. 

Most readers may not appreciate the impact of electrochemistry and/or electrochemical deposition techniques in medicine. In this chapter we discuss these topics as they relate to medical devices. Emphasis is placed on the often overlooked materials science and surface chemistry aspects of medical devices rather than on the topics, described extensively in the literature, of electrochemical sensors in medical apphca-tions. This chapter is intended to provide the reader with a view of the role in medical devices of electrochemistry in general and electrochemical deposition in particular. It is also intended that the reader gain an appreciation of the future potential role of electrochemistry in devices, particularly in the creation of biomimetic (i.e., biology mimicking) medical devices. 

The effect which amino functionality has on the thermal and impact sensitivity of polyni-troarylenes (Section 4.8.1.4) makes amination by VNS a method with much future potential for energetic materials synthesis. Other carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles can displace aromatic hydrogen examples with 1,3-dinitrobenzene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene are extensive. 

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