Pharmacogenetics phenotypes

Gonzalez, F. J. Idle, J. R. (1994). Pharmacogenetic phenotyping and genotyping. Present status and future potential. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 26, 59-70. 

As pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are not mutually exclusive, but even sometimes display overlapping features, both disciplines are aimed at better tailoring medical therapy for a given complex disease such as essential hypertension or other CVD. In the wake of new technologies to identify candidate region for whatever phenotype, more robust and complex bioinformatic analyses are necessary to... 

Goldstein, J. A., Ishizaki, T. etal. (1997). Frequencies ofthe defective CYP2C19 alleles responsible for the mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in various Oriental, Caucasian, Saudi Arabian and American black populations. Pharmacogenetics, 7(1), 59-64. 

Leathart, J. B., London, S. J., et al. (1998). CYP2D6 phenotype-genotype relationships in African-Americans and Caucasians in Los Angeles. Pharmacogenetics, 8(6), 529-41. 

Xie, H. G., Stein, C. M. et al. (1999). Allelic, genotypic and phenotypic distributions of S-mephenytoin 4 -hydroxylase (CYP2C19) in healthy Caucasian populations of European descent throughout the world. Pharmacogenetics, 9(5), 539-49. 

Roh, H. K. etal. (1996). Debrisoquine and S-mephenytoin hydroxylation phenotypes and genotypes in a Korean population. Pharmacogenetics, 6, 441-7. 

Kirchheiner, J., Nickchen, K., Bauer, M. et al. (2004). Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics the contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of drug response. Mol. Psychiatry, 9, 442-73. 

Meyer UA. Genotype or phenotype the definition of a pharmacogenetic polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics 1991 1 66-67. 

Ratain MJ, Mick R, Janish L et al. Individualized dosing of amonafide based on a pharmacodynamic model incorporating acetylator phenotype and gender. Pharmacogenetics 1996 6 93-101. 

Sachse C et al. Correctness of prediction of the CYP2D6 phenotype confirmed by genotyping 47 intermediate and poor me-tabolizers of debrisoquine. Pharmacogenetics 1998 8(2) 181—185. 

Wennerholm A, Johansson I, Massele AY, Jande M, Alm C, Aden-Abdi Y et al. Decreased capacity for debrisoquine metabolism among black Tanzanians analyses of the CYP2D6 genotype and phenotype. Pharmacogenetics 1999 9 707-714. 

Streetman, D.S., et al., "Phenotyping of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Adults A Review of In-Vivo Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping Probes," Pharmacogenetics, 10, 187-216 (2000). 

Polymorphism in the coding part of the genome as well as in the regulatory perigenic regions may be a major factor explaining individual variation of the phenotypes associated with common diseases and with pharmacogenetically determined traits (Housman and Ledley, 1998). For common diseases, the current hypothesis is that relatively common... 

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