Monolithic column

Bubble column Loop reactor Packed column Plate column Monolithic reactor... 

Keywords. Short monolithic columns, Monoliths, Chromatography, Separation, Purification, Proteins, DNA, Bioconversion, Solid-phase synthesis... 

Instead of packed columns, monolithic (continuous bed), analytical, or capillary columns in the form of a rod with flow-through pores offer high porosity and improved permeability. Silica-based monolithic columns are generally prepared by gelation of a silica sol to a continuous sol-gel network, onto which a Cjg or another stationary phase is subsequently chemically bonded. Such columns provide comparable efficiency and sample capacity as conventional columns packed with 5-pm particle materials, but have three to five times lower flow resistance, thereby allowing higher flow rates and fast HPLC analyses. Rigid polyacrylamide, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, or polystyrene monolithic columns are prepared by in sim polymerization. 

CEC columns are generally made of fused-silica tubing, usually packed with the appropriate stationary phase. Today, the most commonly used CEC columns have i.d. of 100 p,m or less, with 50 and 75 p,m i.d. being the most popular. The stationary phase is retained in the column by two frits. Column designs can be categorized into two major types OT columns and packed structures, which include packed columns, monolithic columns, and microfabricated stractures (open or continuous beds). Packed capillary columns are most commonly used, as has been demonstrated in numerous papers [9-11]. They can be subdivided into three different categories columns packed with particles, columns with continuous beds fabricated in situ creating a rod-like monolithic structure, and columns with immobilized or entrapped particulate materials. 

Figure 4 Separation and mass analysis of tryptic peptides of bovine catalase. Column, monolithic PS/DVB, 60 x 0.20mm i.d. mobile phase (A) 0.050% TFA in water (B) 80% acetonitrile, 0.050% TFA in water linear gradient, 2-60% B in 15 min flow rate, 1.8 pi min temperature, 50 C scan, m/z 400-2000 electrospray voltage, 4.0 kV sample, 5 pmol of tryptic digest of bovine catalase. (Reprinted with permission from Premstaller et al. (2001) Analytical Chemistry 73 2392-2994 2003 American Chemical Society.)...

In recent years, the interest in using porous silica and polymer-based monolithic stationary-phase media for ion chromatographic separations of inorganic and organic ions has increased.As compared to particle bed columns, monolithic columns represent a single piece of porous cross-linked polymer or porous silica. Monoliths are made in different formats as porous rods, generated in thin capillaries or made as thin membrane or disks. 

Guettel and Turek [56] compared four reactor types, namely, fixed bed, slurry bubble column, monolith loop, and microstructured. A one-dimensional (no axial mixing) modeling approach was used to make the comparisons. One of their conclusions was... 

MSFIA-SPE-HPLC system for screening of phenolic pollutants. HC holding coil IV injection valve SPE column monolithic column containing polystyrene-divinylbenzene sorbent V solenoid valve. 

Three main types of columns are used in CEC packed capillary columns, monoliths, and open tubular columns, all of them being made from fused silica capillaries. 

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