Fuel oils properties

The small-volume fractions were blended according to the above procedure, producing the quantities of diesel fuels shown (as percentages) in Table III. The dewaxed residuum was mixed with approximately four times its volume of lower boiling oil not used in the diesel fuel blends, and is reported in Table III as fuel oil. Properties of the blended diesel fuels and fuel oil are shown in Table IV. 

The yields for the preparation of heating fuel are shown in Table VIII. The naphtha and heating fuel oil properties are shown in Tables IX and X, respectively. 

Oasmaa A. Fuel oil properties of wood-based pyrolysis liquids [Doctoral thesis]. Jyvaskyla, Finland University ofjyvaskyla. Laboratory of Apphed Chemistry. 2001. 46 p. 

Uses Cold flow improver and dispersant for fuel oils Properties Paste. 

S. R. Brinkley and W. E. Gordon, "Explosive Properties of the Ammonium Nitrate-Fuel Oil System," in Proceedings of 31st Inst. Congress of Industrial Chemisty, Liege, Belg., 1958. 

Table 17. Properties and Analysis of Liquid Fuel and No. 6 Fuel Oil Liquid fuel produced by flash pyrolysis using char recycle (Fig. 10).

Properties. The properties of the Hquid fuel oil produced by the SRC-II process are iafluenced by the particular processiag coafiguratioa. However, ia geaeral, it is an oil boiling between 177 and 487°C, having a specific gravity of 0.99—1.00, and a viscosity at 38°C of 40 SUs (123). Pipeline gas, propane and butane (LPG), and naphtha are also recovered from an SRC-II complex. 

Poly(butadiene- (9-acrylonitrile) [9008-18-3] NBR (64), is another commercially significant random copolymer. This mbber is manufactured by free-radical emulsion polymerization. Important producers include Copolymer Rubber and Chemical (Nysyn), B. F. Goodrich (Hycar), Goodyear (Chemigum), and Uninoyal (Paracdl). The total U.S. production of nitrile mbber (NBR) in 1990 was 95.6 t (65). The most important property of NBR mbber is its oil resistance. It is used in oil well parts, fuels, oil, and solvents (64) (see Elastomers, synthetic— nitrile rubber). 

An alternate approach to fuel washing is to utilize a vaporized fuel oil system (VFO). This technology was developed as a method for converting natural gas fuel systems to liquid fuel. The process involves mixing steam with the liquid fuel and then vaporizing the mixture. The vaporized mixture exhibits the same combustion properties as natural gas. 

Some environmentalists have also touted natural gas as a way station on the road to a hydrogen fuel (carbon dioxide-free) economy. As seen in Table 1, per unit of energy released, natural gas generates about 23 percent less carbon dioxide than gasoline and about 30 percent less than heavy fuel oil. This is helpful in reducing greenhouse emissions, but the other excellent properties of natural gas are even... 

The majority of today s turbines arc fueled wth natural gas or No. 2 distillate oil. Recently there has been increased interest in the burning of nonstandard liquid fuel oils or applications where fuel treatment is desirable. Gas turbines have been engineered to accommodate a wide spectrum of fuels. Over the years, units have been equipped to burn liquid fuels, including naphtha various grades of distillate, crude oils, and residual oils and blended, coal-derived liquids. Many of these nonstandard fuels require special provisions. For example, light fuels like naphtha require modifications Co the fuel handling system to address high volatility and poor lubricity properties. 

Table 23.3 Transport properties heavy fuel oil products of combustion...

Fuel octane number, 72 392, 395 Fuel oil, as a petroleum product, 78 669 Fuel oil additives amine oxides, 2 473 fatty amines, 2 534 Fuel properties, of ethers, 70 574 Fuel sources, chemical industry, 70 136 Fuel spills, hydrazine, 73 588 Fuels production, hydrocracking for, 76 842-844 Fuel sulfur, 70 54... 

The impact of the release of liquid products on the environment can, in part, be predicted from knowledge of the properties of the released liquid. Each part of an ocular liquid product from petroleum has its own set of unique analytical characteristics (Speight, 1999, 2002). Since these are well documented, there is no need for repetition here. The decision is to include the properties of the lowest-boiling liquid product (naphtha) and a high-boiling liquid product (fuel oil). For the properties of each product (as determined by analysis) a reasonable estimate can be made of other liquid products, but the relationship may not be linear and is subject to the type of crude oil and the distillation range of the product. 

Detailed analysis of residual products, such as residual fuel oil, is more complex than the analysis of lower-molecular-weight liquid products. As with other products, there are a variety of physical property measurements that are required to determine that residnal fnel oil meets specifications. But the range of molecular types present in petrolenm prodncts increases significantly with an increase in the molecular weight (i.e., an increase in the number of carbon atoms per molecule). Therefore, characterization measurements or studies cannot, and do not, focus on the identification of specific molecular structures. The focus tends to be on molecular classes (paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, polycyclic compounds, and polar compounds). 

The significance of the measured properties of residual fuel oil is dependent to a large extent on the ultimate uses of the fuel oil. Such uses include steam generation for various processes, as well as electrical power generation and propulsion. Corrosion, ash deposition, atmospheric pollution, and product contamination are side effects of the use of residual fuel oil, and in particular cases, properties such as vanadium, sodium, and sulfur contents may be significant. 

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