Formula feed vitamin

Heiskanen K, Salmenpera L, Perheentupa J, Siimes MA. Infant vitamin B-6 status changes with age and with formula feeding. Am J Clin Nutr 1994 60(6) 907-10. 

The world market for ch oline chloride used in animal feeds is estimated at 113,000 t on a 100% basis. The market for good grade ch oline chloride is a small market by comparison and is utilized mainly in the supplementation of infant formulas. Other ch oline salts are utilized solely in the human vitamin supplementation markets and are also small compared to animal feed usage. 

Polymeric formulas typically have low osmolality of 300 to 500 mOsm/kg. These formulas also usually supply essential vitamins and minerals in amounts similar to the Adequate Intakes or Recommended Dietary Allowances for these nutrients when the formula is delivered in amounts adequate to meet the macronutrient requirements of most patients. Many polymeric formulas are inexpensive relative to oligomeric formulas. Most polymeric formulas are lactose-free and gluten-free, as are most modern tube feeding products. Products designed to be used as oral supplements generally are polymeric and often have sucrose or other simple sugars added to improve taste. 

AOAC official method 992.26. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in ready-to-feed milk-based infant formula. Liquid chromatographic method. In MP Bueno, ed. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th ed. Arlington, VA AOAC International, 1995, p. 50-5-50-6. 

In recent years HPLC procedures have evolved as the methods of choice for the analysis of vitamin Do in bulk drug (32,33,53-61), pharmaceutical preparations (52-73), fortified milk (74-82), animal feed supplements (83-89), margarine (79), infant formulae (79), cod liver oil (90-93), and chicken egg (96). It may be pointed out that these reports represent the latest in the state-of-the-art in the HPLC analyses of vitamins Dg and D3. In spite of the intensive effort by a number of investigators and a few collaborative studies, there is no consensus on widely acceptable HPLC methods for vitamin D analysis in the bulk drug, pharmaceutical preparations, and fortified milk. 

Fortification of margarine and dairy products with vitamin D is mandatory in some countries, and permitted in others. Infant formula and hquid milk are commonly fortified with vitamin D, and two studies have shown that fortification can be vastly in excess of what is stated on the label (65,66). In one case this was detected when hjrpervitaminosis D was found in the population. In one case hjrpercalcemia occurred after prolonged feeding with a premature formula that was higher than normal in vitamin D (67). 

Fish, dog, and lot formulae, various compressed animal feed Stock and soup cubes, seasoning extracts, sweets, artificial sweeteners, dextrose, fructose, coffee Vitamins, tablets of a wide range of natural products Air fresheners, detergent tablets, chlorine tablets Wide variety of preforms (powder metallurgy), hard metal parts, bimetal contacts Element pellets... 

Formula or breast-feeding and age at initiation of solid foods Supplemental vitamin, mineral, or herbal intake Food allergies or intolerance Underlying pathology with nutritional effects... 

At present, over 3000 tons of riboflavin are industrially produced each year. About 70% of this material is used as feed additive in the form of free-flowing, spray-dried granules or microgranules. The remaining 30% are required for the fortification of foods like breakfast cereals, pastas, sauces, processed cheese, fruit drinks, vitamin-enriched milk products, baby formulas, and clinical infusions. 

Table XII. Formula of Wood Pellet Containing Vitamins, Minerals, and Protein for Co-feeding with Corn...

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn has been associated with breast-feeding human milk has low concentrations of vitamin K. In addition, the intestinal flora of breast-fed infants may lack microorganisms that synthesize the vitamin. Commercial infant formulas are supplemented with vitamin K. 

A number of early case reports described warfarin resistance in patients taking enteral feeds that contained high levels of added vitamin Kx- These products were then reformulated to contain lower amounts of vitamin Kx, commonly now about 4 to 10 micrograms per 100 mL however, some cases of interactions have still been reported, and one study in children reported that those receiving enteral nutrition (mostly vitamin K enriched formula) required 2.4-fold higher maintenance warfarin doses. Lipid emulsions containing soya oil might contain sufBcient natural vitamin Kx to alter warfarin requirements. Parenteral multivitamin preparations may also contain vitamin Kx. 

In a prospective cohort study in 319 children, the use of enteral nutrition (mostly vitamin K supplemented formula, and some vitamin K supplemented tube feeds) was associated with a higher dose of warfarin to achieve a target INR (0.28 versus 0.16 mg/kg) and similarly a higher dose of warfarin was needed to maintain the INR (0.26 versus 0.11 mg/kg). ... 

Uses Aniislat, emollient in cosmetics mfg. of paints, coatings, emulsifiers, vitamins soaps driers for protective coatings feeds biochemical research dietary supplement, nutrienL flavoring agent, adjuvant in foods, infant formulas food-pkg. adhesives dmg delivery for pharnia-ceutical orals and topicals... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Direct food additive, nutrient, dietary supplement for vitamin reinforcement for feeds, anti-aging prods., cosmetics, infant formulas skin conditioner in cosmetics Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 184.1930, GRAS Manuf./Distrib. Ashland http //www.ashchem.com, BASF http //www.basf.com Boith China http //www.boith.com CarboMer http //www.carbomer.com Fluka http //www.sigma-aldrich. com Protameen http //www.protameen.com Rochem Int l. Sigma... 

Propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate Propylene glycol dioctanoate Tricaprin carrier, vitamins animal feeds Corn (Zea mays) cob meal carrier, vitamins nutritional formulas Propylene glycol dicaprate carrier, w/o creams Shea butter (Butyrospermum parkii) carrier, w/o emulsions Shea butter (Butyrospermum parkii) carrier, wall board Pyrophyllite... 

Infant food such as human milk and fortified formula provide an essential source of nutrition for baby feed. This nutrition is essential for normal growth and functioning of the human body therefore, particular attention should be paid to ensure an adequate and balanced intake of vitamins. Several methods have been developed for the analysis of vitamins in infant foods. Huang and coworkers determined vitamin K1 isomers (cis- and trans-forms) in infant formulas using UPLC-MS/MS [83]. 

An inadequate nutrition may cause biotin deficiency. Such deficiency would not appear if human alimentation was varied and regular. Biotin deficiency might occur with inadequate feeding formulas or with parenteral nutrition free of vitamin and mineral supplements. 

Vitamin E in Foods, Feeds, and Infant Formulas (3). The determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in foods and feeds serves a dual purpose, namely nutritional assessment and quality control. To establish the vitamin E nutritional value of foods such as cereals, oils, margarine, and vegetables as weU as infant formulas, both the naturally present tocopherols and the esters used for fortification should be quantitated. 

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