Flushing

There are some theoretical complications discussed in Refs. 91 and 92. Experimental complications include adsorption of solvent or of film on the electrode [93,94] the effect may be used to detect atmospheric contaminants. The atmosphere around the electrode may be flushed with dry nitrogen to avoid condensation problems [87]. 

Synthesis of Alkviamines. General Procedures. Method (A). The synthesis of p-phenethylamine is representative. A flame dried, nitrogen-flushed, 100 ml flask, equipped with a septum inlet, magnetic stirring bar and reflux condenser ivas cooled to 0°C. Sodium borohydride (9.5 mmol, 0.36 g) was placed in the flask followed by sequential addition of THF (13-15 ml) and BF3-Et20 (12 mmol, 1.5 ml) at 0°C. After the addition, the ice bath was removed and the contents were stirred at room temperature for 15 min. The solution... 

A dynamic-FAB probe having a simple copper target. The narrow fused-silica tube passes through the shaft, its end lying flush with the target surface. 

In operation, a spark source is normally first flushed with argon to remove loose particulate matter from any previous analysis. The argon flow is then reduced, and the cathode is preheated or conditioned with a short bum time (about 20 sec). The argon flow is then reduced once more, and the source is ran for sufficient time to build a signal from the sample. The spark is then stopped, and the process is repeated as many times as necessary to obtain a consistent series of analyses. The arc source operates continuously, and sample signal can be taken over long periods of time. 

In the far-infrared region strong absorption by the water vapour normally present in air necessitates either continuously flushing the whole optical line with dry nitrogen or, preferably, evacuation. 

Cyanamide flush Cyan amides Cyanate Cyanazine... 

Soil conditioning Soil disinfectant Soil flushing Soil fumigants Soiling of fabrics Soil modification Soil pesticides Soil remediation Soils... 

When treatment chemicals have to be employed, they may be iacorporated ia the food, used ia dips, flushes and baths, or allowed to remain ia the water for exteaded periods. Siace oae of the first respoases of aquatic animals to disease is reduction or cessation of feeding, treatments with medicated feeds must be initiated as soon as development of an outbreak is suspected. Antibiotics, such as terramycin, can be dissolved in the water, but may be less effective than when given orally. 

Floor scales are platform scales which are permanently installed in a pit, flush with the floor, or which sit on the floor. These scales typically range in capacity from 500 kg to 30 t, and in size up to that required to accommodate a fork-lift tmck. 

Even small spills and leaks (<0.45 kg) require extreme caution. Unless the spill is contained in a fume hood, do not remain in or enter the area unless equipped with full protective equipment and clothing. Self-contained breathing apparatus should be used if the odor of acrolein or eye irritation is sensed. Small spills may be covered with absorbant, treated with aqueous alkalies, and flushed with water. 

Skin redness and from slight to corrosive irritation is caused by direct contact. Acryhc acid is more corrosive than esters. The monomers not only irritate the skin, but may also be absorbed through the skin. Therefore, gloves and protective clothing and shoes or boots should be used in addition to eye (or hiU face) protective equipment. Upon contact, the skin should be flushed with copious amounts of water foUow-up medical attention should be sought. Medical attention should also be obtained if any of the earlier mentioned symptoms appear. 

The material should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers, away from alkaline or strong oxidizing materials. In the event of a spill or leak, nonsparking equipment should be used, and dusty conditions should be avoided. Spills should be covered with soda ash, then flushed to drain with large amounts of water (5). 

Adipic acid is an irritant to the mucous membranes. In case of contact with the eyes, they should be flushed with water. It emits acrid smoke and fumes on heating to decomposition. It can react with oxidizing materials, and the dust can explode ia admixture with air (see Table 3). Fires may be extinguished with water, CO2, foam, or dry chemicals. 

Mesh beds of knitted wire mesh, plastic, or glass fibers are used for the removal of Hquid particulates and mist. They will also remove soHd particles, but win plug rapidly unless irrigated or flushed with a particle-dissolving solvent. 

Disposal of waste or spilled caustic soda must meet all federal, state, and local regulations and be carried out by properly trained personnel. Accidental spills of dry caustic are shoveled and flushed with water caustic soda solutions must be diluted and neutralized with acid before discharging into sewers. Dilute acetic acid may be used to neutralize final traces of caustic. 

At the end of xanthation, any remaining traces of CS2 are flushed from the wet churn prior to, or in some cases by, admitting a charge of the dissolving or mixer soda in order to commence dissolution. For a dry churn operation, the vessel is opened to allow the golden xanthate cmmbs to be discharged into a separate mixer. 

Both flush plates and recessed plates can be specified. Recessed plates obviate the need for the frames but are tougher on filter cloths due to the strain around the edges. These presses are more suitable for automation because of the difficulty of the automatic removal of residual cake from the frames in a plate-and-frame press. Recessed plates with no frames limit the chamber width to less than 32 mm to limit the strain on the cloth, whereas plate-and-frame presses allow this to be more than 40 mm if necessary. 

Mechanical Cake Removal. This method is used in the American version of the dynamic filter described under cross-flow filtration with rotating elements, where turbine-type rotors are used to limit the cake thickness at low speeds. The Exxflow filter, introduced in the United Kingdom, is described in more detail under cross-flow filtration in porous pipes. It uses, among other means, a roUer cleaning system which periodically roUs over a curtain of flexible pipes and dislodges any cake on the inside of the pipes. The cake is then flushed out of the curtain by the internal flow. 

Dislodging of Cake by Reverse Flow. Intermittent back-flushing of the filter medium can also be used to control cake growth, leading to filtration through thin cakes in short cycles. Conventional vacuum or pressure filters can be modified to counter the effects of the forces during the back-flush (23,24). 

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