System flush types

Cleaning. If the drained coolant is rust-colored or the radiator, as viewed through the filler neck, is rusty, the system should be cleaned. A flush type product will facilitate removal of sludge and loosely adherent rust. However, if the system is badly rusted, a heavy-duty cooling system cleaner will be required. In either case, the manufacturer s directions should be carefully followed. 

Mechanical Cake Removal. This method is used in the American version of the dynamic filter described under cross-flow filtration with rotating elements, where turbine-type rotors are used to limit the cake thickness at low speeds. The Exxflow filter, introduced in the United Kingdom, is described in more detail under cross-flow filtration in porous pipes. It uses, among other means, a roUer cleaning system which periodically roUs over a curtain of flexible pipes and dislodges any cake on the inside of the pipes. The cake is then flushed out of the curtain by the internal flow. 

Oil piping shall be supplied with removable, turnout-type spools for ease of flushing the oil system. 

Some manufacturers of this type of boiler claim that water treatment of any kind is not necessary and that no chemicals are required, especially with smaller units below, say, 240 kWh (800 lb/hr). Instead they rely on the on-off expansion-contraction cycles within the vessel to drop scale from the heating elements, or on a daily manual flush of the boiler vessel together with frequent replacement of elements and periodic acid cleaning. (Some improved design models thankfully have an automatic flush system that is actuated upon boiler shutdown.)... 

Another significant difference between large- and small-scale processing is dilution of the product samples with water. Food processing equipment for fluids often needs to be started with water, and the food needs to be flushed from the system with water before the process is shut down. When making small batch samples in this type of equipment, care must be taken to obtain a representative sample with a minimum of dilution. There will also be a difference in the weights of the sample into and out of the process due to water addition or sample loss to minimize dilution. 

Responsible disposal of chemicals, samples and consumables is likewise an important aspect of good operating procedures in the laboratory. Regulations are fairly strict in terms of what may be disposed of into the drainage system. It may be permissible to dispose of some chemicals directly down the drain, flushed down with copious volumes of water. For other chemicals, specific disposal instructions, where available, must be followed. These will include collection of specific types of chemical waste in containers for disposal by incineration, landfill, etc. 

The high amounts in which these substances are consumed and produced have conferred illicit drugs and their human metabolites a pseudo-persistent character in the environment. Like over-the-counter and prescribed pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs are metabolized after consumption and different proportions of the parent compound and metabolic by-products are excreted via urine or feces and flushed into the sewage system toward wastewater treatment facilities, if existing. However, these substances are poorly or incompletely removed by conventional waste-water treatment processes [2, 3]. As a consequence, illicit drugs and metabolites are continuously introduced via wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents into the aquatic media. In fact, this constitutes the main route of entry of this type of compounds into the environment as direct disposal is unlikely. 

A water spray protection system around vessels is recommended to prevent this type of failure. These water spray protection systems, commonly called deluge systems, are designed to keep the vessel cool, flush away potentially hazardous spills, and help to knock down gas clouds.13 Deluge systems can also provide enough time to transfer material out of a storage tank into another (safe) area. 

The physical approach uses alternating current (ac-) dielectrophoresis to separate metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs in a single step without the need for chemical modifications [101]. The difference in dielectric constant between the two types of SWCNTs results in an opposite movement along an electric field gradient between two electrodes. This leads to the deposition of metallic nanotubes on the microelectrode array, while semiconducting CNTs remain in the solution and are flushed out of the system. Drawbacks of this separation technique are the formation of mixed bundles of CNTs due to insufficient dispersion and difficulties in up-scaling the process [102]. 

The results indicate that special attention should be given to the efficiency of urine separation on farms using peat. Manure presses should be fitted with same means of urine separation so that urine pressed from the litter can be led out of the press chute. This is essential for the smooth operation of the manure press. The urine separation system in the troughs, perforated plates or scale plates may become blocked when peat is used. Provision should be made for flushing out the urine separation pipes in the case of a blockage. Various types of perforated plate are currently being studied with respect to their susceptibility to blocking. 

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