Flush pastes

Flushing is sometimes considered an alternative to the dispersion process, because it is the direct transfer of pigments in an aqueous phase, as they emerge from the 

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Dilatancy occurs less frequently in pigmented systems. In flush pastes or pigment concentrates, which are formulated at high pigment levels, shearing may produce an increase in viscosity ip As the pigment concentration reaches the vicinity of the critical pigment volume concentration, and even more so if this point is ex-... 

In Europe, Copper Phthalocyanine Blue is usually supplied as a powder or as a granulate. The granulated product is somewhat less dusty but also more difficult to disperse. In the USA, P.B.15 3 also continues to be offered in the form of flushed pastes to be incorporated into oil-based printing inks. These pastes offer improved pigment dispersion and frequently afford more glossy and transparent prints. 

Commercial flushed pastes commonly contain about 40% pigment however, these products are standardized not in terms of pigment concentration but regarding their tinctorial strength. The ratio between carbon black and Alkali Blue pigment in a toned product may range between approximately 2 1 and 4 1, depending on the nature of the components and on the desired effect. 

Vapors from the more volatile parts or pyrolyzed portions of the sample are flushed past the chamber by the helium (or argon) flow into the jet in Zone 2 where oxygen is present and combustion occurs. As soon as the temperature reaches 900° C, heating the vaporization chamber is discontinued and the sample is cooled at room temperature with a small electrical fan. 

We simulated a mild retort process by boiling the T.F.P films in water for predetermined time intervals. Following boiling the film was mounted in the MOCON Ox-Tran diffusion cell and 0% RH gas streams were flushed past both sides of the film. 

In the normal priming procedure in which a buffer is simply flushed past the material, and then it is displaced by the biological fluid, the air nuclei would be present in the surface irre larities. 

TEM has been applied to the analysis of dry powder pigments, flushes, pastes and dispersions. In most cases the sample preparation is quite simple. 

Available Forms. Phthalocyanines are available as powders, in paste, or Hquid forms. They can be dispersed in various media suitable for aqueous, nonaqueous, or multipurpose systems, eg, polyethylene, polyamide, or nitrocellulose. Inert materials like clay, barium sulfate, calcium carbonates, or aluminum hydrate are the most common soHd extenders. Predispersed concentrates of the pigments, like flushes, are interesting for manufacturers of paints and inks (156), who do not own grinding or dispersing equipment. Pigment—water pastes, ie, presscakes, containing 50—75% weight of water, are also available. 

Pigments are available ia a number of commercial forms including dry powders (either surface treated or untreated), presscakes, flushed colors (thick pastes), fluidi2ed dispersions (pourable pastes), resia predispersed pigments (powders), and plastic color concentrates or master batches (granules) (see PiGLffiNTDISPERSIONS). 

Two weeks after planting in the pipes, the plants were thinned to 35 pipe per pipe each and the cups to one plant each, and the treatments begun. Each first, third and fifth day of the week for twelve weeks the pipes were flushed with three liters of tap water poured in the elbow end. The water flowed past the plant root systems and drained out the screened end of the pipes into a flask. One hundred milliliter aliquots of this water ( root exudate ) were used to water the soybean plants in the cups three times weekly. After each flushing, two liters of a low nitrogen (50 ppm N) complete nutrient solution (Peter s Hydro-sol ) were added to each pipe. The soybean plants in cups were watered as needed at other times with tap water. On alternate weeks the soybean plants were fertilized with the complete nutrient solution. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the root exudate treatments started eighty soybean plants (10 treatments x 2 soybean varieties x 4 blocks) were randomly chosen for analysis. The soil was washed free of the plant roots and each soybean plant was divided into roots, nodules, stems, leaves and fruits. The plant parts were dried at 105°C for four days and weighed. 

Accidental contamination of a metal scoop with flake sodium hydroxide, prior to its use with zinc dust, caused ignition of the latter [1]. A stiff paste prepared from zinc dust and 10% sodium hydroxide solution attains a temperature above 100°C after exposure to air for 15 min [2], The residue of zinc dust and sodium hydroxide solution from a lecture demonstration involving zinc plating a copper coin presents a high fire risk if discarded onto paper in a waste bin, ignition of the paper having occurred on many occasions. Dissolve the residue in dilute acid before flushing away with water [3],... 

Raloxifene is well tolerated overall. Hot flushes occur more frequently in women recently finishing menopause or discontinuing estrogen therapy (ET). Endometrial bleeding occurs rarely. Raloxifene is contraindicated in women with an active or past history of venous thromboembolism. Therapy should be stopped if a patient anticipates extended immobility. 

This technology, along with similar technologies such as surfactant flushing, was originally developed in the petroleum industry to improve hydrocarbon recovery. Its use in environmental apphcations such as aquifer remediation is relatively new, with most laboratory and field trials having been carried out during the past 8 years. 

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