Copper target, X-ray

The spectrum in Fig. 15-3(a) is that of a stainless steel, excited by the primary beam from a platinum-target x-ray tube. The K lines of all the major constituents (Fe, Cr, and Ni) and of some of the minor constituents (Mo and Mn) are apparent. One of the L lines of W is also present. The Cu Ka, line originates from copper existing as an impurity in the tube target. Figure 15-3(b), a jecording made at higher resolution, is discussed later. 

A Rigaku 2203 El X-ray diffractometer was used for the small angle X-ray scattering measurements with experiment conditions of copper target, IQ ray, 40 kV and 15 mA. 

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of the CAR and its spherical agglomerates were monitored with an x-ray diffractometer (Philips Analytical XRD) using copper as x-ray target, a voltage of 40 KV, a current of 25 mA and with 2.28970 A wavelength. The samples were analyzed over 20 range of 10.01-99.99o with scanning step size of 0.02° (20) and scan step time of 0.8 second. 

The spectrum from a Coolidge tube often contains lines traceable to impurities, those of copper, nickel, and iron being the most common. The impurities may be present in the target of the new tube, but they are more likely to be deposited on the target during operation. It is consequently desirable that the analytical chemist maintain current acquaintance with the spectrum of his x-ray source. 

For examining atomic structures with bond lengths of 1-2 A, the interrogating beams ideally should have wavelengths of the same dimensions, to resolve atomic details. X-rays fulfill this criterion because their wavelength, for example, CuK (X-ray using copper target) is 1.5418 A (1.5418 x 10 m), which is similar to atomic dimensions. 

Figure 2.2 Spectrum of X-ray emission from a copper target at various excitation...

Benzoic acid is ordinarily obtained as a highly crystalline material, which aids in its purification and contributes to its use as a reference material. The x-ray powder diffraction pattern of benzoic acid was obtained on a Jeol JDX-3530 diffractometer system. The x-ray radiation was provided by copper target, operated at 40.0 kV and 30 mA. The powder pattern was obtained using a step angle of0.040 degrees 2-0, and each step was... 

X-ray diffractometer with copper target, beryllium window, nickel filter, and data acquisition and processing system... 

Fia. 59. Intensity distribution in X-ray beam from copper target accelerating voltage, 50,000 V. Kfl has about 1/0 the intensity of Kabsorption curve. Kol is actually a very... 

X-Ray Diffraction. All diffraction patterns were taken on powdered samples with a General Electric XRD-6 diffractometer. A copper target and nickel filter were used. 

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