Fractionation, flavonoid

Borokowski, B., Kowelewski, S. and Skrzypczakowa, L. 1966. Chemical composition of inflorescence of some Arnica spedes. 1. Analysis of flavonoid fractions. Ehss. Pharm. Pharmacol. 18 367-374. 

Polyphenols, as one of the largest and most widespread class of plant compounds, are also present in saffron stigma. In the mass spectrum of the flavonoid fraction of the methanolic extract from saffron there were ions at m/z 611 and 633 which may be attributed to protonated and sodiated quasi-molecular ions of kaempferol diglycoside. [22] Flavonoids from the water extract can be isolated and concentrated... 

M. Carmona, A.M. Sanchez, F. Ferreres, A. Zalacain, F. Tomas Barheran and G.L. Alonso, Identification of the flavonoid fraction in saffron spice by LC/DAD/MS/MS comparative study of samples from different geographical origins, Food Chem., 100, 445 450 (2007). 

Moved] Cranberry fruit of Early Black cultivar was fractionated chromatographically and fractions were analyzed for flavonoid content. The effects of the flavonoid fractions and ursolic acid, an abundant triterpenoid in cranberry peel, were assessed in two models of colon cancer and one model of breast cancer. Clonogenic soft agar assays were used to determine the effect of these compounds on tumor colony formation in HCT-116, HT-29 and MCF-7 cells. MTT and trypan blue assays were performed to assess their ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. TUNEL assays were performed to assess apop-totic response to the cranberry compounds. The proanthocyanidins inhibited tumor colony formation in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with greater effect on the HCT-116 cell line. Ursolic acid strongly inhibited tumor colony formation in both colon cell lines. These compounds also decreased proliferation in all three tumor cell lines with the HCT-116 cell line most strongly affected. (150 words)... 

Analgesic activity. Ethanol (50%) extract of the entire plant, administered intraperi-toneally to mice at a dose of 250 mg/kg, was active vs tail pressure method Flavonoid fraction of the leaf, administered intraperi-toneally to mice, was active 5 The inflorescence, administered orally to male rats, produced weak activity vs paw pressure test. 

Other applications include the online coupling of capillary isotachophoresis and CZE for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae) leaves and flowers. This method involved the concentration and preseparation of the flavonoid fraction before introduction into the CZE capillary. The limit of detection for quercetin 3-0-glycosides was 100 ng/ml. ... 

ALCOHOL EXTRACT NON-FLAYOMOlO FRACTION FLAVONOID FRACTION... 

Figure 9. Two-dimensional cellulose TLC of flavonoids in aqueous isopropyl alcohol extracts, nonflavonoid fractions of extracts, and flavonoid fractions of extracts of LCP and glandless cottonseed flours (5)...

Lyseng-Williamson KA, Perry CM. 2003. Micronised purified flavonoid fraction A review of its use in chronic venous insufficiency, venous ulcers and haemorrhoids. Drugs 63 71-100. 

Exposure of rat primary mixed hippocampal cell cultures to either sodium nitroprusside (SNP 100 xM) or 3-morpholinosydnonimine resulted in both a decrease in cell survival and an increase in free-radical accumulation. These SNP-induced events were blocked by either EGb 761 (10 to 100 pg/ml) or its flavonoid fraction CP 205 (25 pg/ml), as well as by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC chelerythrine) and 1-type calcium channels (nitrendipine). In contrast, the terpenoid constituents of EGb 761, known as bilobalide and ginkgolide B, as well as inhibitors of phospholipases A [3-[4-octadecyl)benzoyl]acrylic acid (OBAA)] and C (U-73122), failed to display any significant effects. Moreover, EGb 761 (50 pg/ml), CP 205 (25 pg/ml), and chelerythrine were also able to rescue hippocampal cells preexposed to SNP (up to 1 mM). Finally, EGb 761 (100 g/ml) was shown to block the activation of PKC induced by SNP (100 xM). These data suggest that the protective and rescuing abilities of EGb 761 are not only attributable to the antioxidant properties of its flavonoid constituents but also by their ability to inhibit NO-stimulated PKC activity (Figure 36.1). 

The precise mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of EGb 761, particularly with respect to ischemia, have yet to be clearly established, but they have been reported to be associated with either its terpenoid or its flavonoid fractions. The present evidence indicates that EGb 761,... 

Upon analysis of the non-flavonoid fraction of wine, pyrimidines have been found (65MI307, 79AJEV98) by chromatography on Sep-hadex 6-25 and phenol assayed by colorimetry. Of the nucleic acids (mainly guanine 96 and xanthine 97) less than 5mg/L can be assumed to be present. 

Classical separations by open column chromatography with different stationary phases (silica gel, reversed-phase C-18 or C-8, polyamide, cellulose) and elution with appropriate solvent mixtures are also useful for flavonoid fractionation and purification. Different column systems can be used. The classical open column chromatography uses relatively large particle sizes (0.2-6 mm), with limited resolution, and solvent filtration through the column proceeds by the pressure of the solvent column placed on top of the stationary phase. In other cases, smaller... 

Alterations in the capillary filtration of macromolecules are well documented in diabetic patients and experimental diabetes. Various flavonoids, including anthocyanins and ginkgo biloba extracts, have been shown to be effective against experimentally induced capillary hyperfiltration. Cohen-Boulakia et al." demonstrated that anthocyanins were effective in preventing the increase in capillary filtration of albumin and the failure of lymphatic uptake of interstitial albumin in male rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In an earlier study, Valensi and coworkers demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial that a purified micronized flavonoid fraction (Daflon 500 mg) can improve and even normalize capillary filtration of albumin in diabetic patients. 

Chamomile tea produced from the flowers of Matricaria, recutita has long been used as an antispasmodic for gastric and menstrual cramps. Studies with guinea-pig ileum have shown that the water-soluble flavonoid fraction and especially apigenin has antispasmodic activity three times that of papaverine. 

Reyes et al. [98] have investigated the antiulcerogenicity of the flavonoid fraction (ethylacetate extract) of Erica andevalensis, a species endemic to southern of Spain. Oral treatment with the purified extract of the major flavonoid, myricetin-3-O-D-galactoside, was found to be effective against gastric ulceration induced by cold-restraint stress, pyloric ligature, and absolute ethanol in rats. 

Brandin, H., E. Viitanen, O. Myrberg, and A.K. Arvidsson. 2007. Effects of herbal medicinal products and food supplements on induction of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and MDRl in the human colon carcinoma cell line LS180. Phytother. Res. 21(3) 239-244. Chodera, A., K. Dabrowska, A. Sloderbach, L. Skrzypczak, and J. Budzianowski. 1991. Effect of flavonoid fractions of Solidago virgaurea L. on diuresis and levels of electrolytes. Acta Pol. Pharm. 48(5-6) 35. 

Quezada, N., Asencio, M., Valle, J.D., Aguilera, J.M., Gomez, B. (2004). Antioxidant activity of crude extract, alkaloid fraction, and flavonoid fraction from Boldo Peumus boldus Molina) leaves. J. FoodSci., 69(5), C371-C376. 

Jiang ZM, Cao JD. The impact of micronized purified flavonoid fraction on the treatment of acute haemorrhoidal episodes. Curr Med Res Opin 2006 22(6) 1141-7. 

Juteau N, Bakri F, Pomies IP, Foulon C, Rigaudy P, Pillion G, Lange G, Genre O, Cron JP. The human saphenous vein in pharmacology effect of a new micronized flavonoidic fraction (Daflon 500 mg) on norepinephrine induced contraction. Int Angiol 1995 14(3 Suppl. 1) 8-13. 

Second, the anti-hepatitis and anti-cinhosis film-coated tablets hypatin formulated from total flavonoid fraction of Hypericum patulum Thunb. ex Murray have been studied on the standardization by Vietnam pharmacopoea. The most important parameters established for the house-standard of hypatin tablet containing 0.17 g Hypericum patulum Thunb. ex Murray total flavonoid iraetion are follows ... 

Lu H, Chen J, Li WL, Ren BR, Wu JL, Zhang HQ (2009) Hypoglyctanic effect of the total flavonoid fraction from folium Eiiobotryae. Phytomedicine 16 967-971... 

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