Antispasmodic activity

Earlier investigations have shown that powerful antispasmodic activity occurs in various basic esters of a-substituted thienylglycolic acids, thienylacetic acids, and thienylpropionic acids of the general type (256), (cf. reference 5 for details). One such compound, the... 

The placement of a nitrogen atom directly on the benzilic carbon atom is apparently consistent with antispasmodic activity. Esterification of 2 (iV-piperidyl)ethanol by means of chloroacyl chloride (68) gives the basic ester (69). Displacement of the remaining halogen by piperidine gives dipiproverin (70). ... 

Antispasmodic activity, interestingly, is maintained even in the face of the deletion of the ethanolamine ester side chain. Reaction of anisaldehyde with potassium cyanide and dibutylamine hydrochloride affords the corresponding a-aminonitrile (72) (a functionality analogous to a cyanohydrin). Treatment with sulfuric acid hydrolyzes the nitrile to the amide to yield ambucet-amide (73). ... 

Khellin is a natural product closely related to the psoralens in which a chromone ring has been substituted for the cou-marin. The plant material has been used since ancient times as a folk remedy modern pharmacologic work has confirmed the bronchio-dilating and antispasmodic activity of khellin. The synthesis outlined below, it should be noted, is selected from a half-dozen or so reported within the last quarter century. 

Substitution of an additional nitrogen atom onto the three-carbon side chain also serves to suppress tranquilizing activity at the expense of antispasmodic activity. Reaction of phenothia zine with epichlorohydrin by means of sodium hydride gives the epoxide 121. It should be noted that, even if initial attack in this reaction is on the epoxide, the alkoxide ion that would result from this nucleophilic addition can readily displace the adjacent chlorine to give the observed product. Opening of the oxirane with dimethylamine proceeds at the terminal position to afford the amino alcohol, 122. The amino alcohol is then converted to the halide (123). A displacement reaction with dimethylamine gives aminopromazine (124). ... 

A great many organic quaternary bases can inhibit the action of acetyl choline in organ systems activated by that neurotransmitter and thus possess anticholinergic-antispasmodic activity. One such agent is methantheline bromide (4), used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and as an antispasmodic agent in intestinal disorders. Its synthesis Involves Friedel-Crafts cyclization of o-... 

Antispasmodic activity. Hot water extract and tannin fraction of the dried entire plant were active on the rabbit and rat intestines vs pilocarpine-induced spasms and barium-induced contractions . ... 

Antispasmodic activity. Ethanol (50%) extract of the aerial parts was active on the guinea pig ileum vs acetylcholine - and histamine-induced spasms . 

Petroleum ether extract of the seed, administered subcutaneously to pregnant rats at a dose of 0.6 mL/animal, was active . Antispasmodic activity. Petroleum ether fraction chromatographed and fraction eluted with chloroform, at a concentration of 0.50 mg/mL, was active on the guinea pigileum vs histamine-induced contrac-tions . Tertiary alkaloid fraction of the dried seeds produced weak activity on the dog trachea vs acetylcholine (ACh)- and KCl-induced contractions, and active on the guinea pig ileum. A concentration of 25 (Xg/mL was active on the rat uterus vs ACh-and oxytocin-induced contractions, results significant at p < 0.02 level . Methanol extract of the dried seed, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, was active on the guinea pig ileum vs histamine-induced contractions . 

DC166 Gambhir, S. S., S. P. Sen, A. K. DC178 Sanyal, and P. K. Das. Antispasmodic activity of the tertiary base of Daucus carota Linn, seeds. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1979 23 225-228. 

Antispasmodic activity. Gum extract, administered to isolated guinea pig ileum at a dose of 3 mg/mL, produced a decrease of spontaneous contraction to 54 7% of control. Exposure of precontracted ileum by acetylcholine, histamine, and KCl to Ferula gum extract produced a concentration-dependent relaxation. Preincubation with in-domethacin, propanolol, atropine, and chlorpheniramine before exposure to the gum, did not produce any relaxation " . Antitumor activity. Water extract of the dried oleoresin, administered by gastric intubation to mice at a dose of 50 mg/ani-mal daily for 5 days, was active on CA-Ehrlich ascites, 53% increase in life span Water extract administered intra-peritoneally was inactive on Dalton s lymphoma, 4.8% ILS, and CA-Ehrlich ascites, 5.5%... 

Antispasmodic activity. Ethanol (95%) extract of the dried rhizome, at a concentration of 200 qg/mL, was active on the guinea pig ileum vs histamine- and barium-induced contractions. The water extract was active vs barium-induced contractions and inactive vs histamine-induced contractions . The hot water extract, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, was active vs barium- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions. A concentration of 3 mg/mL was active vs histamine-induced contractions and on the vas... 

Arum palaestinum contains isoorientin and vitexin, which were studied for their antispasmodic activity on isolated organs. Isoorientin in concentrations ranging from 10 to 6 X 10 M decreased the frequency and the amplitude of the phasic contractions of uterine... 

Acylation of A-hydroxy-2-phenylbutyramidine (112-1) with 3-chloropropionyl chloride in the absence of an added base proceeds as might be expected to give the product (112-2) from acylation on the more basic nitrogen. Heating this compound leads to the formation of the oxadiazole (112-3) almost certainly via the enol tautomer of the amide. Displacement of the terminal chlorine with diethylamine leads to the tertiary amine and thus proxazole (112-4) [123], a compound that is said to exhibit antispasmodic activity. 

Hyoscyamus bohemicus F. W. Schmidt H. niger L. Liang Shi (Henbane) (root, leaf) Alkaloid, hyoscyamine, hyoscine, scopolomine, hyoscypierin, choline, mucilage, albumin.60,144,450 This herb is toxic. Antispasmodic activity. 

Hyoscyamus niger L. China Alkaloid.60 This herb is mildly toxic. Antispasmodic activity. 

Two species of the genus Broussonetia, B. kazinoki and B. papyrifera, have been of considerable interest for their ethnomedical uses for the treatment of various human diseases. There is a substantial literature on the utilization of B. papyrifera, in particular, in the paper industry in East Asia. Extracts of Broussonetia species have exhibited various biological activities including antifungal, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antispasmodic activities. 

Agelas nakamurai from Japan produced the sesquiterpene sulfone, agelasidine A (353), which possessed antispasmodic activity. The structure was deduced from spectral data [309]. A simple synthesis of agelasidine A (353) utilised a hetero-Claisen rearrangement [310]. A biomimetic synthesis of 353 was also reported [311] and another synthesis of agelasidine A (353) was carried out in three steps from famesol [312]. 

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