Nitroprusside, sodium

Bates etal. (1991) demonstrated that vascular tissues as well as reducing agents catalyze the production of NO from sodium nitroprusside. Many of the reducing agents tested (e.g., thiols, hemoproteins, and possibly ascorbate) are abundant in most biological tissues, and these investigators argued that 

We have compared the chemical (i.e., spontaneous ) NO-generating activities of a series of S-nitrosothiols versus their vasodilating properties and observed that these two characteristics were not correlated (Kowaluk and Fung, 1990). Chemical degradation of S-nitrosothiols to release NO was enhanced in the presence of N-acetylpenicillamine and inhibited by 100 U/ml superoxide dismutase. However, the relaxant effects of S-nitrosothiols were enhanced by superoxide dismutase and diminished by N-acetylpenicillamine. These results argue against the spontaneous liberation of NO as a predominant mechanism of S-nitrosothiol action, a conclusion that was subsequently supported by Mathews and Kerr (1993). 

The in vitro vasodilating potencies of several S-nitrosothiols with varying oil/water partition coefficient (and therefore cellular permeability) were found to be essentially identical (Kowaluk and Fung, 1990), indicating that intracellular penetration of intact S-nitrosothiols may not he required for vasodilating activity. Bovine vascular smooth muscle cells were found to 

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To 2 ml. of a freshly prepared dilute aqueous solution of sodium nitroprusside, add 2 drops of ethyl malonate and shake then add 2-3 drops of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and shake again. A red coloration at once appears, but fades in a few minutes to pale brown,... 

Sulphur. THE LASSAIGNE SODIUM TEST. The sodium fusion will have converted any sulphur present in the original compounds to sodium sulphide. Dissolve a few crystals of sodium nitroprusside, Na8[Fe(CN)5NO],zH20, in water, and add the solution to the third portion of the filtrate obtained from the sodium fusion. A brilliant purple coloration (resembling permanganate) indicates sulphur the coloration slowly fades on standing. Note, (i) Sodium nitroprusside is unstable in aqueous solution and therefore the solution should be freshly prepared on each occasion, (ii) This is a very delicate test for sulphides, and it is essential therefore that all apparatus, particularly test-tubes, should be quite clean. 

Nitroprusside reaction. Add 1 ml. of a freshly prepared solution of sodium nitroprusside to the aldehyde or its solution. Add dil. NaOH solution in excess a red coloration is produced. 

Sulphuric add test. Heat 0 5 g. of citric acid or a citrate with 1 ml. of H2SO4 CO and COg are evolved and the mixture turns yellow, but does not char. Acetone dicarboxylic acid, OC(CH2COOH)g, is also formed, and is tested for after heating the mixture for 1 minute cool, add a few ml. of water and make alkaline with NaOH solution. Add a few ml. of a freshly prepared solution of sodium nitroprusside and note the intense red coloration (see Test 4 a) for ketones, p. 346). 

Now add a few drops of a freshly prepared solution of sodium nitroprusside. A purple coloration is obtained (test for - SH Group),... 

Sodium Nitroprusside. Dissolve a few crystals in water as required. 

Sodium nitroprusside (for sulfur detection) dissolve about 1 g of sodium nitroprusside in 10 mL of water as the solution deteriorates on standing, only freshly prepared solutions should be used. This compound is also called sodium nitroferricyanide and has the formula Na2pe(NO)(CN)5 2H2O. 

Sodium Nitroprusside Sodium Nitrate Sodium Sulphite... 

The silica dispersion showed the smallest retention volume. It should be noted, however, that the authors reported that the silica dispersion required sonicating for 5 hours before the silica was sufficiently dispersed to be used as "pseudo-solute". The retention volume of the silica dispersion gave the value of the kinetic dead volume, /.e., the volume of the moving portion of the mobile phase. It is clear that the difference between the retention volume of sodium nitroprusside and that of the silica dispersion is very small, and so the sodium nitroprusside can be used to measure the kinetic dead volume of a packed column. From such data, the mean kinetic linear velocity and the kinetic capacity ratio can be calculated for use with the Van Deemter equation [12] or the Golay equation [13]. 

Sulphur.—The presence of sulphur in organic compounds may be detected by heating the substance with a little metallic sodium or potassium. The alkaline sulphide, when dissolved in water, gives a violet colouration with a solution of sodium nitro-prusside. Heat a fragment of gelatine with a small piece of potassium in a test-tube until the bottom of the tube is red hot, and place it m a small beaker of water as described in the test for nitrogen (p. 2). Filter the liquid and add a few drops of sodium nitroprusside solution. 

Nitro-prussidnatrium, n. sodium nitroprusside. -prussidwasserstoffsaure,/. nitroprussic acid, -pulver, n. nitro powder. 

The active drug and metabolites can be detected from the urine by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. However, assays are available only at specialized centers. Treatment of acute intoxication with mescaline is virtually identical to the treatment outlined for LSD intoxication. DOM-induced vasospasm responds well to intra-arterial tolazohne or sodium nitroprusside. Major life-threatening complications of hallucinogenic amphetamine derivatives include hyperthermia, hypertension, convulsions, cardiovascular collapse, and self-inflicted trauma. 

Amines Sodium nitroprusside Secondary aliphatic and alicyclic [23, 24]... 

SM Sphingomyelin SNAP S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine SNP Sodium nitroprusside SOD Superoxide dismutase SOM Somatostatin also knotm as somatotrophin release-inhibiting factor... 

For a comparison of experimental Mossbauer isomer shifts, the values have to be referenced to a common standard. According to (4.23), the results of a measurement depend on the type of source material, for example, Co diffused into rhodium, palladium, platinum, or other metals. For Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, the spectrometer is usually calibrated by using the known absorption spectrum of metallic iron (a-phase). Therefore, Fe isomer shifts are commonly reported relative to the centroid of the magnetically split spectrum of a-iron (Sect. 3.1.3). Conversion factors for sodium nitroprusside dihydrate, Na2[Fe(CN)5N0]-2H20, or sodium ferrocyanide, Na4[Fe(CN)]6, which have also been used as reference materials, are found in Table 3.1. Reference materials for other isotopes are given in Table 1.3 of [18] in Chap. 1. 

Sodium nitroprusside (dilates only large coronary arteries and not collateral vessels)... 

Patients that require sodium nitroprusside to control blood pressure may not be sufficiently stable to receive fibrinolytic pharmacotherapy... 

Used in cyanide (including from sodium nitroprusside) intoxication... 

Sodium nitroprusside 0.25-10 mcg/kg/minute as IV infusion11 Immediate 1-2 minutes Nausea, vomiting, muscle twitching, sweating, thiocyanate and cyanide intoxication Most hypertensive emergencies use with caution with high intracranial pressure or azotemia... 

A dramatic example of photolysis is the photodegradation of sodium nitroprusside in aqueous solution. Sodium nitroprusside, Na2Fe(CN)5NO-2 H20, is administered by intravenous infusion for the management of acute hypertension. If the solution is protected from light it is stable for at least one year if exposed to normal room light, it has a shelf life of only 4 hours [35]. 

Photolysis reactions often are associated with oxidation because the latter category of reactions frequently can be initiated by light. The photooxidation of phenothiazines with the formation of N- and S-oxides is typical. But photolysis reactions are not restricted to oxidation. In the case of sodium nitroprusside, it is believed that degradation results from loss of the nitro-ligand from the molecule, followed by electronic rearrangement and hydration. Photo-induced reactions are common in steroids [36] an example is the formation of 2-benzoylcholestan-3-one following irradiation of cholest-2-en-3-ol benzoate. Photoadditions of water and of alcohols to the electronically excited state of steroids have also been observed [37],... 

Maletic, S. D., Dragicevic-Djokovic, L. M., Ognjanovic, B. L. et al. (2004). Effects of exogenous donor of nitric oxide-sodium nitroprusside on energy production of rat reticulocytes. Physiol. Res. 53 (4), 439-47. 

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