Veins human saphenous

Figure 26. Reconstruction of the tunica intima on the inner surface of a clinically used polyethylene terephtalate vascular prosthesis. A non-modified inner surface of the prosthesis, B immobilization of defined assemblies of protein molecules (e.g., collagenfiarninin or collagen+fibrin) on the inner surface of the graft, C immunofluorescence of von Willebrand factor, a marker of the identity a differentiation of vascular endothelial cells, in human saphenous vein endothelial cells in cultures on the inner surface of a prosthesis coated with collagen and larninin, D detail of a layer of endothelial cells growing on a layer of collagen and fibrin. Note well developed talin-containing focal adhesion plaques. A, B conventional optical microscope, C, D confocal microscope Leica DM 2500 [30,31].

As far as man is concerned, a presynaptic inhibition of the noradrenaline release by H3 receptors was only studied in the isolated human saphenous vein In this tissue, these receptors, similarly to a2-adrenoceptors, decrease the 3H-noradrenaline overflow elicited by electrical field stimulation (Molderings et al., 1992). Therefore, the role of histamine H3-receptors in the global control of the blood pressure in humans cannot be stated at present. 

Molderings, G.J., Weiflenborn, G., Schlicker, E., Likungu, J., Gothert, M., 1992. Inhibition of noradrenaline release from the sympathetic nerves of the human saphenous vein by presynaptic histamine H3 receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Arch. Pharmacol. 346, 46-50. 

Jason LJ, Guillaume JJM, Van Eyes GD, et al. Injury induces dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells and increased matrixdegrading metalloproteinase activity in human saphenous vein, Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2001 21 (7) I 146-1151,... 

I 6 George SJ, Andelini GD, Capogrossi MC, et al. Wild-type p53 gene transfer inhibits neointima formation in human saphenous vein by modulation of smooth muscle cell migration and induction of apoptosis, Gene Ther 2001 8 668-676. 

Urquhart, P., Parkin, S.M., Rogers, J.S., Bosley, J.A., Nicolaou, A. 2002. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on arachidonic acid metabolism and eicosanoid production in human saphenous vein endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1580, 150-160. 

RA was also shown to inhibit the production of series-2 prostaglandins and thromboxanes in endothelial cells from human saphenous vein, which is the vein commonly used in coronary bypass surgery (Urquhart et al., 2002). 

Figure 16.1 2-D separation of intact contractile human saphenous vein smooth muscle. Proteins (400 gg load) were separated by isoelectric focusing in the first dimension using a pH 3-10 nonlinear (NL), 18-cm IPG DryStrip (Amersham Biosciences). The pH gradient is illustrated across the top of the 2-D gel. The most acidic pH is to the left of...

Identification and mapping of human saphenous vein medial smooth muscle proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 1, 1405-1414. 

Hardy G, Stanke-Labesque F, Deveaux G, Devillier P, Sessa C, Bessard G. Cyclosporine A and cremophor EL induce contractions of human saphenous vein involvement of thromboxane A2 receptor-dependent pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000 36 693-698. 

Giessler C, Wangemann T, Silber R-E, Dhein S, Brodde O-E. Noradrenaline-induced contraction of human saphenous vein and human internal mammary artery involvement of different a-adrenoceptor subtypes. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Arch Pharmacol 2002 166 104-109. 

Stefano GB, Salzet M, Magazine Hl, BUfinger TV (1998) Antagonism of LPS and IFN-gamma induction of iNOS in human saphenous vein endothelium by morphine and anandamide by nitric oxide inhibition of adenylate cyclase. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 31 813-820... 

Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, the gene product encoding for CB, receptors has been located in renal endothelial cells, mesenteric resistance arterioles, and cerebral micro vessels, which is consistent with the expression of CB, receptors in the vasculature (Deutsch et al., 1997 Darker et al., 1998 Randall et al., 1999). Others have also identified mRNA in human endothelial cells (Sugiura et al., 1998 Liu et al., 2000) and Liu et al. (2000) have identified CB, receptor binding sites by radioligand studies. Similarly, immunoreactivity to the CB, receptor has been identified on human saphenous vein endothelial cells (Bilfinger et al., 1998). 

The trans isomers of octadecenoic acid such as elaidic acid are known inhibitors of A6 desaturase. Elaidic acid is usually formed during the hardening process of vegetable oils. Unfortunately, this acid is considered to be a hypercho-lesterolemic fatty acid (14). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), found in dairy products, is a trans-cis isomer of octadeca-dienoic acid. CLA has been shown to downregulate the metabolism of LA (15,16). CLA also reduces production of eicosanoids in several tissues (Fig. 3). The 9c,lU-isomer of conjugated linoleic acid appears to inhibit, whereas the 10Ll2c-isomer stimulates eicosanoid production in human saphenous vein endothelial cells (16). 

Table B6.19 lists the static incremental elastic moduli of the canine jugular vein and human saphenous vein. For the purpose of comparison, the static increment elastic modulus of the canine carotid artery segments are also presented in the table. This comparison is of interest because in some arterial reconstructive surgeries, a vein is used as a substitute for an artery.

Konig G, McAllister TN, Dusserre N, Garrido SA, lyican C, Marini A, FioriUo A, Avila H, Wystrychowski W, Zagalski K, Maruszewski M, Jones AL, Cierpka L, de la Fuente LM, L Heureux N. Mechanical properties of completely autologous human tissue engineered blood vessels compared to human saphenous vein and mammary artery. Biomaterials 30 1542-1550,2009. 

Juteau N, Bakri F, Pomies IP, Foulon C, Rigaudy P, Pillion G, Lange G, Genre O, Cron JP. The human saphenous vein in pharmacology effect of a new micronized flavonoidic fraction (Daflon 500 mg) on norepinephrine induced contraction. Int Angiol 1995 14(3 Suppl. 1) 8-13. 

Neutrophil adherence to human saphenous vein endothelium incubated for 2 h under hypoxic conditions increased five- to sixfold compared with adherence in normoxic cultures (Arnould etal. 1998). 

L Hereux N, Dusserre N, Konig G, Victor B, Keire P, Wight TN, et al. Human tissue engineered hlood vessels for adult arterial revascularization. Nat Med 2006 12 361-5. Donovan DL, Schmidt SP, Townshend SP, Njus GO, Sharp WV. Material and structural characterization of human saphenous vein. J Vase Surg 1990 12 531-7. 

Dal-Ros S, Bronner C, Schott C, Kane MO, Chataigneau M, Schini-Kerth VB, Chataigneau T (2009) Angiotensin U-induced h5 rtension is associated with a selective inhibition of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated responses in the rat mesenteric artery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 328(2) 478 86. doi 10.1124/jpet.l08.145326 Rakici O, Kiziltepe U, Coskun B, Aslamaci S, Akar F (2005) Effects of resveratrol on vascular tone and endothelial function of human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Int J Cardiol 105(2) 209-215... 

---