Tablets container

Normal distribution for population of aspirin tablets with p. = 250 mg aspirin and = 25. The shaded area shows the percentage of tablets containing between 243 and 262 mg of aspirin. 

Salem and Galan have developed a new method for determining the amount of morphine hydrochloride in tablets. Results, in milligrams, for several tablets containing different nominal dosages follow... 

Samples of urine are analyzed for riboflavin before and after taking a vitamin tablet containing riboflavin. Concentrations are determined using external standards or by the method of standard additions, fluorescence is monitored at 525 nm using an excitation wavelength of 280 nm. 

The extremely toxic and flammable gas phosphine is safely and conveniently generated for the fumigation of grain in sacks or bins from 3-g tablets containing aluminum phosphide and ammonium carbamate which produce 1 g of phosphine in the presence of moisture. 

Amphotericin B. Amphotericin B (3), an important polyene antibiotic, is administered almost exclusively via the intravenous route and is therefore discussed in more detail under the systemic antimycotics. The vaginal tablets contain 50 mg amphotericin B, and 100 mg tetracycline base per tablet (see also Antibiotics, tetracyclines). The tablets for oral use contain 50 mg amphotericin B, 250 mg tetracycline base, and 125 mg sodium hexametaphosphate. A combination ointment contains 1 mg fludrocortisone acetate, 2.5 mg neomycin, 0.25 mg gramicidin, and 1 g plastibase in addition to 30 mg amphotericin B (see also Antibiotics, peptides). 

Tablet-disintegration tests consist of cychcal immersion in a suitable dissolving fluid of pharmaceutical tablets contained in a basket. Acceptable tablets disintegrate completely by the end of the specified test period United State.s Fharmacopeia, 17th rev.. Mack Pub. Co., Easton, Pa., 1965, p. 919).

The oral route is the most frequent route of drug administration and rarely causes physical discomfort in patients. Oral drug forms include tablets, capsules, and liquids. Some capsules and tablets contain sustained-release drag s, which dissolve over an extended period of time. Administration of oral dru is relatively easy for patients who are alert and can swallow. 

The analysis of a pharmaceutical tablet (6) requires sample preparation that is little more complex as most tablets contain excipients (a solid diluent) that may be starch, chalk, silica gel, cellulose or some other physiologically inert material. This sample preparation procedure depends on the insolubility of the excipient in methanol. As the components of interest are both acidic and neutral, the separation was achieved by exploiting both the ionic interactions between the organic acids and the adsorbed ion exchanger and the dispersive interactions with the remaining exposed reverse phase. 

A tablet containing two drug compounds, A and B, is being scaled up from kilogram to half-ton batches in preparation for a regulatory submission. The applicable specifications and sample work-up methods are... 

Figure 4.49. Assay and content uniformity (CU) results for six batches of a tablet containing two drugs. One assay result falls completely out of line while there is general loss of component B during manufacturing.

C03-0117. Heart disease causes 37% of the deaths in the United States. However, the death rate from heart disease has dropped significantly in recent years, partly because of the development of new drugs for heart therapy by chemists working in the pharmaceutical industry. One of these drugs is verapamil, used for the treatment of arrhythmia, angina, and h q)ertension. A tablet contains 120.0 mg of verapamil. Determine the following quantities (a) the molar mass of verapamil (b) the number of moles of verapamil in one tablet and (c) the number of nitrogen atoms in one tablet. 

However, inoculum size alone is not always a rehable indicator of likely spoilage potential. A very low level of s, aggressive pseudomonads in a weakly preserved solution may suggest a greater risk than tablets containing fairly high numbers of fungal and bacterial spores. 

To evalnate whether some foods contain true vitamin B,2 or inactive vitamin B,2 analogs, some vitamin B[2 compoimds were purified and characterized using silica gel 60 TLC [11-15]. An algal health food, spirulina tablets, contained considerable amounts of a vitamin Bjj analog (pseudovitamin Bjj) inactive for humans (Figure 10.6) [11]. 

PCP is also ingested in pill form, each tablet containing about 2 to 6 mg of PCP (Lundberg et al. 1976). PCP powder may be sniffed or snorted, or incorporated into marijuana cigarettes. 

Ibuprofen + hydrocodone Each tablet contains 200 mg ibuprofen and 7.5 mg hydrocodone per tablet only for older children who can swallow tablets... 

Example. A tablet containing 100 mg of a drug was administered to a healthy volunteer and the plasma concentration (Cp) versus time data shown in Table 6 were obtained. Figure 11 shows a semi-log plot of these Cp versus time data. The half-life for elimination of the drug can be estimated from the straight line tail of the plot to be 4.7 hours. The overall elimination rate constant is then... 

Often it is unnecessary to calculate an exact value for an absorption rate constant. For example, when several oral tablets containing the same drug substance are all found to be completely absorbed, it may be sufficient to merely determine if the absorption rates are similar to conclude that the products would be therapeutically equivalent. In another instance, it would be possible to choose between an elixir and a sustained-release tablet for a specific therapeutic need without assigning accurate numbers to the absorption rate constant for the two dosage forms. 

G. Levy, J. R. Leonards, and J. A. Procknal, Development of in vitro dissolution tests which correlate quantitatively with dissolution rate-limited drug absorption in man, J. Pharm. Sci., 54, 1719-1722 (1966). K. A. Javaid and D. E. Cadwallader, Dissolution of aspirin from tablets containing various buffering agents, J. Pharm. Sci., 61, 1370-1373 (1972). 

Incompatibilities have also been observed in solid dosage forms. A typical tablet contain binders, disin-tegrants, lubricants and fillers. Compatibility screening for a new drug should consider two or more excipients from each class. Serajuddin et al. have developed a drug-excipient compatibility screening model to predict interactions of drug substances with excipients [49],... 

Fig. 6 Dissolution of digoxin tablets containing different fillers (in simulated gastric fluid at 37°C). (From Ref. 45.)...

In these systems, osmotic pressure provides the driving force to generate controlled release of drug. Consider a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to water, but not to drug. A tablet containing a core of drug surrounded by such a membrane is shown in Fig. 9. When this device is exposed to water or any body fluid, water will flow into the tablet owing to the osmotic pressure difference. The rate of flow, dV/dt, of water into the device can be represented as... 

Both solid and liquid dosage forms may contain saccharin. Saccharin is a nonnutritive sweetening agent, which is 300 times as sweet as sucrose. In a survey of sweetener content of pediatric medications, seven out of nine chewable tablets contained saccharin (0.45-8.0 mg/tablet) and sucrose or mannitol. Seventy-four of the 150 liquid preparations investigated contained saccharin (1.25-33 mg/5 mL) [62], Saccharin is a sulfanamide derivative that should be avoided in children with sulfa allergies [54],... 

KA Javaid, DE Cadwallader. Dissolution of aspirin from tablets containing various buffering agents. J Pharm Sci 61 1370-1373, 1972. 

Figure 15 Diltiazem HC1 release from core II devices under the same conditions as Figure 14. The tablets contain 72 mg of diltiazem HC1 and 90 mg of a 50 50 mix of immediate and controlled release NaCl. (From Ref. 24.)...

LS Wang, PW Heng. Liquid penetration into tablets containing surfactants. Chem Pharm Bull 33(6) 2569-2574, 1985. 

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