Boldo, Peumus

Boldine, (S)-2,9-dihydroxy-l,10-dimethoxyaporphine, is found in the leaves and bark of Peumus boldo (Monimiaceae), an evergreen tree native to Chile. Boldine imparts choleretic, cholagogue, antioxidant and smooth muscle relaxant properties to the herb (Speisky et al. 1991). It is used primarily in the treatment of gallstones. 

Peumus boldo (Monimiaceae) EschschoUzia californica (Papaveraceae)... 

Peumus boldus (boldo) GROUP 5 Herbal resources for diabetic and metabolic alteration s symptoms ... 

BOLDO LEAVES, Boldo folium are the leaves of Peumus boldus Molina, growing in the lowlands of central Chile (family Monimiaceae). The main alkaloid is boldine (ca. 0.25%), which has choleretic, spasmolytic effects, and increases gastric secretion and has also sympatholytic activity. 

Vogel, H., Gonzalez, B., Razmilic, 1. (2011). Boldo (Peumus boldus) cultivated under different light conditions, soil humidity and plantation density. Ind. Crop. Prod., 34(2), 1310-1312. 

Quezada, N., Asencio, M., Valle, J.D., Aguilera, J.M., Gomez, B. (2004). Antioxidant activity of crude extract, alkaloid fraction, and flavonoid fraction from Boldo Peumus boldus Molina) leaves. J. FoodSci., 69(5), C371-C376. 

Schmeda-Hirschmarm, G., Rodriguez, J.A., Theoduloz, C., Astudillo, S.L., Feresin, G.E., Tapia, A. (2003). Free-radical scavengers and antioxidants from Peumus boldus Mol.(" Boldo "). Free Rad. Res., 37(4), 447-452. 

Fernandez, J., Lagos, P., Rivera, P., Zamorano-Ponce, E. (2009). Effect of boldo (Peumus boldus Molina) infusion on lipoperoxidation induced by cisplatin in mice liver. Phytother. Res., 23(7), 1024-1027. 

Boldo oil Peumus boldus Leaf SD p-cymene, cineole. 

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