Euthanasia

Sperm-positive female Holtzman rats were started, one day after insemination, on the diets that their offspring would consume. Birth occurred 21 days after insemination and weaning occurred 21 days later sexes were separated prior to sexual maturity. Surplus individuals were sacrificed at weaning. Male and female pairs from each group were sacrificed at 91, 131 and 171 days after birth. Pairs on one diet were also sacrificed at 211 and 251 days after birth. Euthanasia was performed by exposure to COi. Isotopic analyses were... 

In the U.K., Dr. Karch served as a consultant to the Crown and helped prepare the cases against serial murderer Dr. Harold Shipman, who was subsequently convicted of murdering 248 of his patients. He has testified on drug abuse-related matters in courts around the world. He has a special interest in cases of alleged euthanasia, and in episodes where mothers are accused of murdering their children by the transference of drugs, either in utero or by breast feeding. 

Apply universal decontamination procedures using antimicrobial soap and water. If antimicrobial soap is not available, use any available soap, shampoo, or detergent. In some cases, severe infection may require euthanasia of animals or herds. Consult local/state veterinary assistance office. If the pathogen has not been identified, then wear a fitted N95 protective mask, eye protection, disposable protective coverall, disposable boot covers, and disposable gloves when dealing with infected animals. 

Housing of rats in stainless steel cages with wire mesh floors may result in decubitous ulcers on the plantar surfaces. This condition may be a significant clinical problem associated with high morbidity, and may affect survival of the animals if euthanasia is performed for humane reasons. Ulcers are particularly frequent and severe in older male Sprague-Dawley rats, perhaps because of their large size and weight compared with females and rats of other strains. 

Embutramide (15), a general anesthetic, was determined in biological matrices after extraction and GC-NPD, using ambucetamide (16) as internal standard LOD 40 pg/L, linearity from 0.1 to 3 ppm, with recovery of about 80% from blood of dogs that underwent euthanasia with formulation T6192. 

Blackshaw JK, Fenwick DC, Beattie AW, et al. 1988. The behavior of chickens, mice and rats during euthanasia with chloroform, carbon dioxide and ether. Lab Anim 22 67-75. 

Embryotoxic effects have occurred in rabbits exposed to hydroxylamine hydrochloride by intracoelomic injection. Subcutaneous or intravenous injection of pregnant rabbits with 50-650mg of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on gestational day 12 caused death or euthanasia of all rabbits within 30 hours. All maternally injected rabbits exhibited severe cyanosis, presumably due to methemoglobinemia. At 8 hours all embryos were dead from cardiovascular effects, which are considered to be secondary to the severe maternal toxicity. 

When all assessments are complete, euthanize larvae by immersion in a 0.3 mg/mL solution of Tricaine (15). An alternative method of euthanasia for fish larvae of 4-7 dpf is immersion in a 1.2% sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution (16). Leave the larvae in euthanasia agent for at least 10 min. 

AVMA (2007) AVMA guidelines on euthanasia, available at https //www.avma.org/KB/ Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf. Accessed 03 Sep 2012... 

Genetic instability can occur as a rare event after extended culture of mouse and human MSCs in FBS-supplemented medium [56, 57]. To test for potential in vivo tumor formation, MSCs derived from short-term clinical-scale expansions in FBS-or HPL-supplemented media were injected into immunocompromised athymic nude mice subcutaneously. Putative tumor formation was evaluated by histological analyses three months after injection of 2 x 106 and 2 x 104MSCs and compared to controls that were injected 48h prior to euthanasia. A primary cell deposit was visible immediately and 48 h after injection and MSCs could be recovered by conventional microscopic evaluation. However, none of 12 animals tested developed a macroscopic or microscopic detectable tumor over the 90-day observation period [23]. In this situation, genetic testing may be encouraged for prospective data acqui-... 

Barbiturates such as mephobarbital (Mebaral) and pentobarbital (Nembutal), although not prescribed as often as the BZDs, may be used to treat anxiety, tension, and sleep disorders. Veterinarians also use pentobarbital (Nembutal) for anesthesia and euthanasia. In some states, a form of barbiturate is used to execute criminals by lethal injection. 

If for no other reason because, according to die establishment literature, CO was also already used in connection with the euthanasia action. 

In order to reduce the risk of changes in temperature and pH, oocyte collection should take no more than 5 min from euthanasia to oocyte collection (i.e., practice). Typically cervical dislocation is used to prevent possible exposure to agents that may affect oocyte or embryo quality and to reduce the time from euthanasia to oocyte collection. 

IACUC approved protocols. These are recommended by the American Veterinary Medical Association and the protocols are regularly reviewed and revised (http //www.avma.org/issues/ animal welfare/euthanasia.pdf). Currently, a commonly used and IACUC approved euthanasia method is carbon dioxide gas asphyxiation. 

Fig. 12.4. Bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) labeling of cells in S phase. Routine paraffin sections from mice injected 1 h prior to euthanasia with BRDU have brown nuclei when labeled by immunohistochemistry using diaminobenzidine as a chromogen. These cells were synthesizing DNA at the time of necropsy and therefore incorporated the label. Counting the number of positive nuclei in basal cells per 1000 basal cells yields the proliferation rate. The boxed area in A is enlarged in B to illustrate the large number of positive (dark) nuclei in the skin of an adult chronic proliferative dermatitis mutant mouse (Sharpincpdm/Sharpincpdm).

TABLE 12-6 Termination of Mouse and Albino Rat by Euthanasia (by gases)... 

Despite extensive use, animal models have not contributed significantly to AIDS research. While monkeys, rabbits, and mice can be infected with HIV, none develops the human AIDS syndrome. Of over 100 chimpanzees infected with HIV over a 10-year period, only two became sick. Because chimpanzees turned out to be poor models for AIDS, and were expensive to maintain, all of the animals were faced with euthanasia (a euphemism for being killed). In 1997, the National Research Council recommended a solution. For all of the chimpanzees housed in research facilities throughout the United States, a breeding moratorium was introduced and specific steps taken toward making long-term care available for the primates. Animal rights supporters applauded the decision on the basis of moral responsibility. 

Following euthanasia and exsanguination the trachea is isolated and cross-clamped and the trachea, lungs, and heart are removed en bloc. 

In discussing the postulated murder of the Jews, the historians of the status quo identify the technical and organizational origins of this mass murder as to be found in the program of euthanasia which was enforced as of the beginning of the war - the killing of so-called life not worthy of life , in other words, mentally and/or physically severely disabled people. The reason for this assumption is the considerable overlap, i.e., continuity of staff in both areas.88 However, it seems to me a very dubious practice to attempt to construe this continuity as evidence for the mass murder, since it may very well mean only that the leadership had wished to retain staff which had previously proven loyal in one socially extremely controversial operation, for a subsequent, no less controversial purpose. And whether this controversial purpose was the resettlement, ghettoization, or mass murder of the Jews, is still an open question. 

To the best of my knowledge there have been no doubts advanced by the revisionist side regarding the factuality of those killings effected within the scope of euthanasia these killings number some 100,OOO.89 The moral assessment of such an elimination of totally incapacitated persons is a differ-... 

One special sub-aspect of this topic are the claims that the gas vans were also used to kill the mentally ill (euthanasia), as well as in the camp of Kulmhol /Chclmno. There is no written, documentary evidence for these accusations - only eyewitness testimony. It is beyond the scope of this work to discuss these claims here, and it shall suffice to say that they are no more credible than the others we have examined. 

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