Sexual maturity

Fish gonadal recrudescence assay effects on light and temperature sensitive sexual maturation. 

Sperm-positive female Holtzman rats were started, one day after insemination, on the diets that their offspring would consume. Birth occurred 21 days after insemination and weaning occurred 21 days later sexes were separated prior to sexual maturity. Surplus individuals were sacrificed at weaning. Male and female pairs from each group were sacrificed at 91, 131 and 171 days after birth. Pairs on one diet were also sacrificed at 211 and 251 days after birth. Euthanasia was performed by exposure to COi. Isotopic analyses were... 

Developmental Toxicity—The occurrence of adverse effects on the developing organism that may result from exposure to a chemical prior to conception (either parent), during prenatal development, or postnatally to the time of sexual maturation. Adverse developmental effects may be detected at any point in the life span of the organism. 

Jobling, S., Beresford, N., and Nolan, M. (2002b). Altered sexual maturation and gamete production in wild roach (Rutilus rutilus) living in rivers that receive treated sewage effluents. Biology of Reproduction 66, 272-281. 

Frankiewicz J. and Marchlewska-Koj A. (1985). Effect of conspecifics on sexual maturation in female European Pine Voles (Pitymys subterraneus). J Reprod Fertil 74,153-156. 

Jemiolo B. and Novotny M. (1994). Inhibition of sexual maturation in juvenile female and male mice by a chemosignal of female origin. Physiol Behav 55, 519-522. 

Lawton A.D. and Whitsett J.M. (1979). Inhibition of sexual maturation by a urinary pheromone in male prairie deer mice. Horm Behav 13, 128-138. 

Macintosh T.K. and Drickamer L.C. (1977). Excreted urine, bladder urine, and the delay of sexual maturation in female house mice. Arum Behav 25, 999-1004. 

Mateo J.M., Holmes W.G., Bell A.M. and TVimer M. (1994). Sexual maturation in male prairie voles — effects of the social environment. Physiol Behav 56, 299-304. 

Schellinck H., Smyth C., Brown R. and Wilkinson M. (1993). Odor-induced sexual maturation and expression of c-fos in the olfactory system of juvenile female mice. Dev Brain Res 74, 138-141. 

Stonerook M.J. and Harder J.D. (1992). Sexual maturation in female grey short-tailed opossums M. domestica, is dependent upon male stimuli. Biol Reprod 46, 290-294. 

Terman C.R. (1984). Sexual maturation of male and female White-footed Mice influence of physical or urine contact with adults. J Mammal 65, 97-102. 

Gonzalez-Riola J, Hernandez ER, Escribano A, et al. 1997. Effect of lead on bone and cartilage in sexually mature rats a morphometric and histomorphometry study. Environ Res 74(l) 91-93. 

In permissiveness, one hormone enhances the responsiveness of the target tissue to a second hormone in other words, the first hormone increases the activity of the second. For example, the normal maturation of the reproductive system requires reproductive hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads as well as the presence of thyroid hormone. Although thyroid hormone by itself has no effect on the reproductive system, if it is absent the development of this system is delayed. Therefore, thyroid hormone is considered to have a permissive effect on the reproductive hormones, facilitating their actions causing sexual maturation. 

Drosophila melanogaster is another dipteran where pheromone biosynthesis has been studied [92]. Adult sexually mature female D. melanogaster utilizes primarily Z7,Z11-27 H as a contact sex pheromone. The biosynthesis of this compound follows the biosynthesis of other hydrocarbon-derived pheromones (Fig. 3). It is biosynthesized in oenocytes [93], transported through the hemo-lymph by lipophorin [94], and deposited on the cuticle surface. Biosynthesis in the oenocytes follows a similar pathway [95] as that described for the house fly... 

Ruby, S.M., P. Jaroslawski, and R. Hull. 1993. Lead and cyanide toxicity in sexually maturing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss during spermatogenesis. Aquat. Toxicol. 26 225-238. 

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