Ethoxylated fat and oil

A number of natural fats and oils have been ethoxylated, for example HnoHn (wool fat) and castor oil ethoxylates. These products are usefiil for apphcations in pharmaceutical products, for example as solubilisers. 

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Alcohols obtained from fats and oils contain an even number of carbon atoms and they are completely linear. Alcohols obtained from petrochemical sources can be linear or branched, depending on the manufacturing process, and can also have even or odd numbers of carbon atoms. In many practical applications the small differences observed in the behavior of sulfated alcohols or indeed sulfated alcohol ethoxylates from either source is of no significance and the choice is made on economic grounds. 

Table XVII is an example of the test result showing comparable efficiency of SAE, PAE and alkylphenol ethoxylates in resin removal from sulfite pulp. A Japanese patent specification(24) by Lion Fats and Oils describes 10-16 mole ethoxylates of secondary alcohols as extremely useful in deresination of pulp, especially in the manufacture of dissolved pulp for the rayon industry. According to the patent specification, to alkyls give the best results among 12 mole ethoxylates ethoxylates of from 10 to 13 moles of EO can give the best results among other ethoxylates of C secondary alcohols, and the optimum amount of SAE(12E0) is in the range between 0.2 and 0.6% by weight based on pulp.

Fats and oils are renewable products of nature. One can aptly call them oil from the sun where the sun s energy is biochemically converted to valuable oleochemicals via oleochemistry. Natural oleochemicals derived from natural fats and oils by splitting or tran -esterification, such as fatty acids, methyl esters, and glycerine are termed basic oleochemicals. Fatty alcohols and fatty amines may also be counted as basic oleochemicals, because of their importance in the manufacture of derivatives (8). Further processing of the basic oleochemicals by different routes, such as esterification, ethoxylation, sulfation, and amidation (Figure 1), produces other oleochemical products, which are termed oleochemical derivatives. 

DyaFac. [Henkel] Ethoxylated estos or glycoides emulsifier, lubricant solubilizer for synthetic fibers, fats and oils. 

Waxes, e. g., ester waxes and ethoxylated wax alcohols, are used in water-based systems. - Metallic soaps are widely used in plastics processing (- plastics additives) and in injection molding of polyurethane foams as internal lubricants and r. - Fats and oils and some of their ester derivatives can be used also if the processing temperature is below 150 °C. They are mainly used in woodworking and in food applications (- food additives). 

With a few important exceptions, the surfactants used in food preparations are identical or closely related to surfactants naturally present in animal and vegetable systems. Prime examples are the mono- and diglycerides derived from fats and oils, phospholipids such as lecithin and modified lecithins, reaction products of natural fatty acids or glycerides with natural lactic and fruit acids, reaction products of sugars or polyols with fatty acids, and a limited number of ethoxylated fatty acid and sugar (primarily sorbitol) derivatives. 

Natural Ethoxylated Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Castor oil (qv) is a triglyceride high in ticinoleic esters. Ethoxylation in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to a polyoxyethylene content of 60—70 wt % yields water-soluble surfactants (Table 20). Because alkaline catalysts also effect transestenfication, ethoxylated castor oil surfactants are complex mixtures with components resulting from transesterrfication and subsequent ethoxylation at the available hydroxyl groups. The ethoxylates are pale amber Hquids of specific gravity just above 1.0 at room temperature. They are hydrophilic emulsifiers, dispersants, lubricants, and solubilizers used as textile additives and finishing agents, as well as in paper (qv) and leather (qv) manufacture. 

Alcohols in the range C12—Ci8 are important raw materials for the production of a key group of surfactants ethoxylates, sulfates and ethoxysulfates among others. Alcohols used in the surfactant industry are primary, linear, or with different degrees of branching, and they can be produced from either petrochemical sources (ethylene or linear paraffins) or from oleochemical products (animal fats and vegetable oils). 

Description. This class of surfactants essentially covers ethoxylated derivatives of lanolin (wool fat) and castor oil. Lanolin is the generic name of a wax containing a complex mixture of esters and polyesters of high-molecular-weight alcohols (aliphatic, steroid, and triterpenoid) and fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated, hydroxylated, and non-hydroxylated). The ethoxylation is carried out on fractionation products of lanolin (lower aliphatic alcohols and sterols). 

The excellent ability of nonionics to solubilize and disperse hydrophobic soils such as fats, mineral oils, etc, in water leads to extensive use of this e of emulsifier. Their often superior detergency with respect to solids surfaces is due to a combination of relatively low critical micellar concentration (CMC), allowing emulsification to take place at low emulsifier concentrations, and an ability to adsorb hydrophobically to interfaces and thus, by steric repulsion forces, to disperse hydrophobic liquid or colloid matter. An important group of nonionic emulsifiers is based on ethoxylated alkyl alcohols. Increasing demands for biodegradability and low aquatic toxicity of degradation products of industrial chemicals is expected to make fatty alcohols ethoxylates and nonionic emulsifiers based on natural raw materials an even more important group of chemicals in the future. 

Chem. Descrip. Mono- and diglycerides of edible fats/oils and ethoxylated mono-and diglycerides... 

Synonyms Fats and gtyceridic oils, apricot kernel, ethoxylated, 6 mol EO Definition Complex mixture formed from the transeslerification of apricot kernel oil and PEG-6... 

Synonyms Fats and glyceridic oils, avocado, ethoxylated PEG-11 avocado glycerides... 

Fats and glyceridic oils, apricot kernel, ethoxylated, 40 mol EO. See Apricot kernel oil PEG-40 esters... 

Fats and glyceridic oils, avocado, ethoxylated. See Avocado oil PEG-11 esters Fats and glyceridic oils, vegetable, hydrogenated. See Hydrogenated vegetable oil... 

Fats, Oils, or Fatty Acids. The primary products produced direcdy from fats, oils, or fatty acids without a nitrile iatermediate are the quatemized amidoamines, imidazolines, and ethoxylated derivatives (Fig. 3). Reaction of fatty acids or tallow with various polyamines produces the iatermediate dialkylarnidoarnine. By controlling reaction conditions, dehydration can be continued until the imidazoline is produced. Quaternaries are produced from both amidoamines and imidazolines by reaction with methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate. The amidoamines can also react with ethylene oxide (qv) to produce ethoxylated amidoamines which are then quaternized. 

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