Epoxy-acrylic finishes

Various finishes can be achieved — gloss, satin (or egg-shell) or matt. This is accomplished by the addition of particles of size 1-5 pm of, for example, silica, china clay or the white pigment, TiCK The degree of mattness depends on various factors, such as particle size, surface treatment of the particles, rate of film formation, and the polymer composition, e.g., urethane/acrylate compared with epoxy/acrylate. The former requires smaller particles larger particles cannot be used as they create a rough surface. 

Use For inks and coatings based on resins of vinyl, epoxy, acrylic, polyurethane, polyamide, nitrocellulose, chlorinated rubber. Also used in automotive finishes, extractions, crystallization, diesel fuel additives, and intermediates. 

NiPar. [Angus] Nitropropane intermediate, solvent for inks and coatings esp. for NC, chlorinated rubber, vinyl, epoxy, acrylic, PU, polyamide systems automotive finishes. 

Esters of Epoxy Resins and Acrylic Acid. If low molecular mass liquid to semisolid epoxy resins are heated with acrylic acid at ca. 120 C, epoxy acrylates are produced. These resins can be dissolved in low molecular mass acrylate esters and used as raw materials for UV-curable finishes. They are mainly used for paper and cardboard (record sleeves), but also for metals. 

Chem. Descrip. Difunctional epoxy acrylate oligomer Uses Film-former for epoxy resins in UV/EB-curable formulations, lithographic, screen, and metal deco printing inks, clear coatings for paper/ paperboard, wood, metal, and rigid plastic substrates Features Fast cure speed formulations show high surface hardness and gloss finish, exc. scuff and solv. resist, chars. 

Uses Adhesion promoter for filled and reinforced resins (urethanes, epoxies, acrylates, phenolics), adhesives, sealants, coatings, glass fiber sizes and finishes, primers, and foundry sand binders Features Improves high-temp, resist., increases stability of resin/silane bond at high temps. 

Thermosetting acrylic (a) Hydroxy acrylic/ MF (b) Acrylamide type/ epoxy Car finish Domestic appliance finish Aromatic hydrocarbon Alcohol Aromatic hydrocarbon Alcohol Ketone or glycol ether Popularity largely linked with metallic car finishes... 

Here esterification of the epoxy groups is the means of cross-linking. This method provides another means of obtaining a thermosetting acrylic finish. 

Jolanki R (1991) Occupational skin diseases from epoxy compounds. Epoxy resin compounds, epoxy acrylates and 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 159 1-80 Jolanki R, Estlander T, Kanerva L (1987) Occupational contact dermatitis and contact urticaria caused by epoxy resins. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 134 90-94 Jolanki R, Estlander R, Kanerva L, Tarvainen K (1992) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by a finished reinforced polyester plastic product. In Proceedings of the 18th World Congress of Dermatology. New York City, June 12-18 Jolanki R, Kanerva L, Estlander T (1995) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by epoxy diacrylate in ultraviolet-light-cured paint, and bisphenol A in dental composite resin. Contact Dermatitis 33 94-99... 

System E. Aluminum Epoxy Mastic/Acrylic Finish... 

The most commonly used radiation-curable resin systems for cloth finishing are based on acrylated epoxies, acrylated urethanes, and patented hybrid systems which form interpenetrating networks. Mixtures containing 25-40% phenolic or other heat-curable resins are particularly useful. 

O Figure 47.16 shows the design of the aluminum ceiling panel intended for use on the latest intercity coaches (Seeds 1984). The requirement is to fasten the top-hat stiffeners to the upper side of the panel without damaging the epoxy-paint finish on the underside. Two-part separate application acrylic adhesive met the requirements of the joint and a light abrasion plus a solvent wipe gave adequate preparation. 

Good quality steel is used and electrozinc is preferred for washing machines. Steel is pretreated with iron phosphate for economy electrozinc with a fine crystal zinc phosphate. No primer is normally used 25-40/im of finish is applied direct to metal. The required properties are best obtained with a thermosetting acrylic or polyester/melamine-formaldehyde finish. Self-reactive acrylics are usually preferred these resins contain about 15 Vo 7V-butoxymethyl acrylamide (CH2=CH —CO —NH —CHj—O —C4H,) monomer and cure in a manner similar to butylated melamine-formaldehyde resins. Resistance or anti-corrosive properties may be upgraded by the inclusion of small amounts of epoxy resin. Application is usually by electrostatic spray application from disc or bell. Shapes are complex enough to require convected hot-air curing. Schedules of 20 min at 150-175°C are... 

The characteristics of the three most common thermoset resin systems used in pultrusion are compiled in Table 11.2 [3]. It is noteworthy that unreinforced polyesters and vinylesters shrink 7-9% upon crosslinking, whereas epoxies shrink much less and tend to adhere to the die. These epoxy characteristics translate into processing difficulties, reduced processing speed, and inferior component surface finish. It is normal practice to use resin additives to improve processability, mechanical properties, electrical properties, shrinkage, environmental resistance, temperature tolerance, fire tolerance, color, cost, and volatile evaporation. It is normally the resin, or rather its reactivity, that determines the pulling speed. Typical pulling speeds for polyesters tend to be on the order of 10-20 mm/s, whereas speeds may exceed lOOmm/s under certain circumstances. Apart from the resins characterized in Table 11.2, several other thermosets, such as phenolics, acrylics, and polyurethanes, have been tried, as have several thermoplastics (as will be discussed in Sec. 11.2.6). 

Conventional industrial coatings materials of the thermoset type are usually acrylic, polyester, epoxy, polyurethane or silicone resins dispersed or dissolved in organic or water/ether-alcohol coupling solvents. They are cured with gas convection or electric IR ovens. The raw materials for the polymers come from petroleum feedstocks which are processed or manufactured into a finished coating system. 

Butoxyethanol and, to a lesser extent, 2-butoxyethanol acetate are found in a wide variety of industrial and consumer products. For 2-butoxyethanol, the exposure scenario of most concern to the general public is inhalation or dennal absorption while using household cleaners, metal cleaners, spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, varnish removers, and latex paints. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is used in nitrocellulose lacquer, epoxy and acrylic enamels, latex coatings, and some ink and spot remover formulations. Individuals employed in industries that make or use 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate (e.g., hospitals and medical facilities, silk screen shops, furniture finishers, print shops, paint manufacture) are probably exposed to the highest concentrations of atmospheric 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate. In the general population, people residing around certain chemical... 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been listed in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antislip and antistatic properties to nylon, acrylic, and polyester fabrics. Cyclic polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dihydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0]9 hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotriazine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acrylic polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of useful products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

The raethylolated acrylamide type has been widely used in appliance finishes. These are cross-linked with melamine or epoxy modifiers and form hard, chemically resistant finishes. Detailed discussion of thermosetting acrylics can be found in References 2 and 8. Recently, topcoats based upon high-solids liquid polyesters have replaced thermosetting acrylics in response to environmental... 

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