Occupational contact dermatitis

MS(B)9 Save your skin occupational contact dermatitis... 

More information is available on the public health impact of occupational contact dermatitis. Specific national occupational disease and illness data are available from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which conducts annual surveys of approximately 180,000 employers selected to represent all private industries in the United States.68 All occupational skin diseases or disorders, including allergic contact dermatitis, are tabulated in this survey. BLS data show that occupational skin diseases accounted for a consistent 30 to 45% of all cases of occupational illnesses from the 1970s through the mid-1980s, and in recent years accounted for 15% of all occupational illness.68 The decline in this proportion may be partially related to an increase seen in disorders associated with repeated trauma. 

The most frequent causes of allergic contact dermatitis in the United States include plants (poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac), metallic salts, organic dyes, plastic resins, rubber additives, and germicides.74 The most common skin patch test allergens found to be positive in patients along with potential sources of exposure are shown in Table 32.1.75 In patients with occupational contact dermatitis who were skin patch tested, the common allergens included carba mix, thiuram mix, formaldehyde, epoxy resin, and nickel.76... 

Hygienic Guide Series Cyclohexanone. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 26-.630, 1965 Sanmartin O, de la Cuadra J Occupational contact dermatitis from cyclohexanone as a PVC adhesive. Contact Dermatitis 27 189-190, 1992... 

Goncalo S, Menezes Brandao F, Pecegueiro M, et al Occupational contact dermatitis to glutaraldehyde. Contact Derm 10 183-184, 1984... 

Cuadra J, Grau-Massanes M Occupational contact dermatitis from rhodium and cobalt. Contact Derm 15 1 1-1% ), 1991... 

Toda, M., S. Okubo, R. Hiyoshi, and T. Shimamura. The bactericidal activity of tea and coffee. Lett Appl Microbiol 1989 8(4) 123-125. Piraccini, B. M., F. Bardazzi, C. Vincenzi, and M. P. Tardio. Occupational contact dermatitis due to coffee. Contact Dermatitis 1990 23(2) 114. Okubo, S., H. Ikigai, M. Toda, and T. Shimamura. The anti-haemolysin... 

Svensson. Olive oil as a cause of contact allergy in patients with venous eczema, and occupationally. Contact Dermatitis 1990 23(2) 73-76. 

Danese P., A. Zanca, and M.A. Bertazzoni (1994). Occupational contact dermatitis from tylosin. Contact Dermatitis 30 122-123. 

Walker SI, Smith HR, Rycroft RJG, et al. 2000. Occupational contact dermatitis from headphones containing diethyl hexyl phthalate. Contact Dermatitis 42 164-165. 

Foussereau J, Benezra C, Maibach HI, et al. 1982. Army arsenals. In W.B. Saunders Company. Occupational contact dermatitis, clinical and chemical aspects. Philadelphia, PA W.B. Saunders Company, 171-176. 

Captan has been classified in Toxic Category I because of the potential for severe eye damage. Dermal sensitization may occur captafol appears to have been responsible for several episodes of occupational contact dermatitis. No systemic poisonings by thiojiithalimides have been repotted in man (captan has a very high oral LD50 in rats of 9,000 mg/kg). 

Romaguera C, VUaplana J. Occupational contact dermatitis from ylang-ylang oU. Contact Dermatitis 2000 43(4) 251. 

Hausen BM, Schulz KH. Occupational contact dermatitis due to croton Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss var. pic-tum (Lodd.) Muell. Arg.). Sensitization by plants of the Euphorbiaceae. Contact Dermatitis 1977 3(6) 289-92. 

Kawahara D, Oshima H, Kosugi H, et al. 1993. Further epidemiologic-study of occupational contact-dermatitis in the dental clinic. Contact Dermatitis 28(2) 114-115. 

Rudzki, E., Rapiejko, P., and Rebandel, P. 2003. Occupational contact dermatitis, with asthma and rhinitis, from chamomile in a cosmetician also with contact urticaria from both chamomile and lime flowers. Contact Dermatit. 49, 162. 

Koch P. 1995. Occupational contact dermatitis from colophony and formaldehyde in banknote paper. Contact Dermatitis 32 371-372. 

Takahashi M, Niizuma K, Ohkido M, et al. 1986b. [A case of occupational contact dermatitis due to preservatives, surfactants and raw materials of detergents and wax. Dermatitis and skin patch VIII, Osaka, Japan]. Skin Res 29 24-34. (Japanese)... 

Diepgen TL, Coenraads PJ The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1999 72 496—506. (Ila)... 

Mathias CGT Prevention of occupational contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 23 742. (HI)... 

Lieden C (1994) Occupational contact dermatitis due to nickd allergy. Sd Total Environ 148 283—285. 

Meyer JDCY, Holt DL, Beck MH and Cherrry NM (2000) Occupational contact dermatitis in the UK a surveillance report from EPIDERN and OPRA. Occup Med (Lond) 50 265-273. 

Chromium (VI) compounds (e.g. dichromates, chromic acid, etc.) have long been known as skin irritants. Indeed, chromium has been shown to be one of the most important causes of occupational contact dermatitis. There is also strong evidence that chromium (VI) compounds are carcinogenic. Most of the available data comes from studies of occupationally exposed groups. There are no data linking cancer with chromium in the general environment. 

Veien NK, Hattel O, Justesen O, Nprholm A, Occupational contact dermatitis due to spiramycin and/or tylosin among farmers. Contact Dermatitis 1980 6 410-413. 

Monteseirin, J., J.L. Perez-Formoso, M.C. Sanchez-Hemandez, et al. 2002. Occupational contact dermatitis to diU. Allergy 57(9) S66-867. 

Allergic reactions to ylang ylang essential oil, including occupational contact dermatitis, have been reported and confirmed by patch testing (Burdock and Carabin 2008). 

Friis, B., N. Hjorth, J.T. Vail, and J.C. Mitchell. 1975. Occupational contact dermatitis from Cichorium (chicory, endive) and Lactuca (lettuce). Contact Dermat. 1(5) 311-313. 

Audicana, M., and G. Bemaola. 1994. Occupational contact dermatitis from citms fmits Lemon essential oils. Contact Dermat. 31(3) 183-185. 

Rademaker, M. 2003. Occupational contact dermatitis to hydrangea. Australas. J. Dermatol. 44(3) 220-221. 

Occupational contact dermatitis from shiitake has been reported (Aalto-Korte et al. 2005 Curnow and Tam 2003 Tarvainen et al. 1990,1991 Ueda et al. 1992). 

Occupational contact dermatitis was reported in an atopic worker routinely exposed to yucca Yucca aloifolia) leaves, weeping fig Ficus benjantina), and spathe flower Spathiphyllum wallisii). Skin prick tests were positive to all three plants, and IgE antibodies were found to weeping fig and spathe flower (Kanerva et al. 2001). 

Webster and Thompson (1974) have shown that lymphocytes can be stimulated in vitro by polymers of ampicillin and McKenzie et al. (1976) have found that patients with infectious mononucleosis have raised levels of IgM and IgG antibodies against ampicillin. These interesting observations may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis. The fact that ampicillin possesses sensitizing properties is evident from clinical observations in patients with occupational contact dermatitis. The amino group present in the side chain has been shown to play an essential part in determining specificity (Schulz et al. 1970). 

Penicillin is obsolete in local treatment in view of its high sensitization potential (Dohn 1960), but derivatives such as penethamate hydroiodide (an ester of benzyl-penicillin) are used for local treatment of mastitis in cows and have caused occupational contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons (Hjorth 1967). 

Occupational contact dermatitis to vitamin K has been described (Jirasek and ScHWANK 1965), while allergic reactions to vitamin C and D have not been documented, in spite of their widespread use. 

Terekhova NY, Wushkina TP (1977) The syndrome of erythema exsudativum multiforme as a manifestation of drug allergy. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 10 66-68 Veien NK, Hattel T, Justesen O, Norholm A (1980) Occupational contact dermatitis due to spiramycin and/or tylosin among farmers. Contact Dermatitis 6 410-413 Virgilio R (1973) Rifampicin-dependent antibodies during intermittent treatment. Scand J Respir Dis [Suppl] 84 83-86... 

In another study by Mancuso et al. it was shown that the occupational contact dermatitis of workers in shoe factories was probably a result of solvents in varnishes and adhesives. This study was based on interviews, medical examinations and patch test series. 

Literature search A Medline (Pubmed) search was conducted, using as search terms occupational exposure , NSAlDs , and the drug names of the agents covered in this chapter of SEDA (Table 1). The search was conducted in June 2012 without date restriction and with the limit human . The search identified case reports and case series of occupational contact dermatitis to propacetamol (a prodrug of paracetamol) and para-aminophenol (a breakdown... 

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