Hydroxyalkyl cellulose

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been Hsted in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antisHp and antistatic properties to nylon, acryUc, and polyester fabrics. CycHc polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dibydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0] hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotria2ine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acryUc polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of usehil products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

E. D. Klug. Properties of water-soluble hydroxyalkyl celluloses and their derivatives. 

Hydroxyalkyl celluloses are obtained in the reaction of cellulose with alkene oxides or their corresponding chlorohydrins. The reaction is a base-catalyzed SN2-type substitution, and the reaction rate is proportional to the product [epoxide][CelI—O3]. The commercial preparations include hy-droxyethyl- and hydroxypropylcellulose for which ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used as reagents. Hydroxyethylcellulose is formed according to the following equation ... 

Chemically, HPMC is mixed-alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether containing methoxyl and hydroxypropoxyl groups. A general structure of cellulose ether polymers is shown in Fig. 11.1, where the R group can be a single or a combination... 

Kaneko Y, Nakamura S, Sakai K, Aoyagi T, Kikuchi A, Sakurai Y, Okano T (1998) Rapid deswelling response of poly(A-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels by the formation of water release channels using poly(ethylene oxide) graft chains. Macromolecules 31 6099-6105 Kley ED (1971) Properties of water-soluble hydroxyalkyl celluloses and their derivates. J Polym Sci C 9 491-508... 

Polysaccharides Cellulose and derivatives Hydroxyalkyl celluloses and carboxymethyl celluloses are used as matrices for drug delivery... 

Stabilizer, suspending agent in oral and topical solution or suspension Mixed alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulosic ether Suspending, viscosity-increasing and film-forming agent Tablet binder and adhesive ointment ingredient... 

Cellulose is a polysaccharide based on glucose. It is not adapted to applications in deep surgery. Cellulosic compounds are primarily used as wound dressings. Hydroxyalkyl celluloses and carboxymethyl celluloses... 

Hydroxyalkyl celluloses with degrees of substitution of less than 1 may be reacted in conventional organic solvents, such as dioxan, di-methylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or terf-butyl alcohol, with... 

J. Simon, H.-P. Muller, R. Koch, V. Muller, J. Engelhardt, K. Szablikowski, and W. Koch, Water-soluble biodegradable hydroxyalkyl cellulose-2-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters which can flocculate, US Patent 6 559 300, assigned to Wolff Walsrode AG (Walsrode, DE), May 6, 2003. 

At present, important commercial cellulose esters inelude eellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, and eellulose aeetate. In recent developments, a variety of cellulose chemicals, such as quatemized cellulose, carbo>ymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the hydroxyalkyl celluloses, have been synthesized via etherification reactions. In addition, cellulose derivatives have many applications, including antioxidant agents, shape memory gels, photoactive materials, gene carriers, and in memory devices. ... 

Water-soluble resins Any of several resin types that are produced by polymerization reactions in which the chain growth results from breaking of ring structure or double bonds of the monomers. Examples are alkyl- and hydroxyalkyl cellulose derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, and polyethylene-imide. Tracton AA (ed) (2005) Coatings technology handbook. Taylor and Francis Inc., New York. 

Water-soluble polymeric compounds. These can be natural or modified natural products such as gelatine, starch, or carbohydrate derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, or salts of carboxymethyl cellulose. Synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate), sodium salts of poly(acrylic acids), methacrylic acids, and copolymers thereof are widely used in quantities between 0.1 and 1% related to the aqueous phase. 

Greminger, G. K., Krumel, K. L. (1980). Alkyl and hydroxyalkyl cellulose. In R. L. Davidson (Ed.), Handbook of water-soluble gums and resins (pp. 3.1-3.25). McGraw-Hill. 

---