Antistatic protection

Antistatic protection is an important consideration within the electronic industry and various antistatic agents are used commercially to aUeviate this problem in cushion packaging materials. 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been Hsted in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antisHp and antistatic properties to nylon, acryUc, and polyester fabrics. CycHc polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dibydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0] hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotria2ine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acryUc polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of usehil products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

Cross-linked finishes are not permanent in the tme sense of the word however, under optimum conditions the finish can last for the usehil life of the material. Wet abrasion during laundering is probably the principal cause of gradual removal of the finish. In order to retain antistatic protection for extended use, an excess of finish is often appHed The extent of chemical interaction between the durable antistatic agents and the fiber substrates to which they are appHed is not perfectiy understood. Certain oxidizing agents such as hypochlorite bleaches tend to depolymerize and remove some durable antistatic finishes. Some of the durable finishes have also produced undesirable side effects on textile materials, ie, harsh hand, discoloration, and loss of tensile properties. 

Various hydrophilic finishes have been used in connection with soil release and soil redeposition during laundering. These finishes can impart a degree of antistatic protection to the treated materials however, the main functions of these finishes are to release soil and to prevent the redeposition during laundering. 

PEN has antistatic protective properties and has been used in optical devices. Compared with PET, PEN-based antistatic films show better mechanical properties, higher surface resistivity and less peeling from a polarizing plate [84],... 

Cationic antistatic agent for synthetic fibers. Applied by either pad or long bath, allows full antistatic protection with virtually no alterations to hand. Compatible with cationic and nonionic agents. 

DImodan PM Mold Wiz INT-937 antistat, PPO Mold Wiz INT-937 antistat, primer paints Schercozoline C antistat, protective coatings Emcol CC-57 antistat, PS... 

Cocoyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline Dimethicone copolyol PEG-11 tallowamine antistat, protective skin creams/lotions Myristoyl hydrolyzed collagen antistat, PS... 

Various approaches have been suggested to reduce the number of fires at petrol filling stations caused by static electricity. One suggestion is metal door handles. Conducting additives are used to provide static dissipation in fuel systems, but there are difficulties in achieving adequate mechanical properties in polyethylene fuel tanks when carbon black is used as a filler. Doubts have also been raised in some quarters about whether some plastic fuel tanks will be able to meet the requirements for PZEVs , or partial zero emissions vehicles, required by California s new emission standards. Inergy Automotive recommends capless filler systems with locking mechanisms. Carbon nanotubes are likely to find a role in antistatic protection. 

The cellulosics have little need of antistatic protection because they absorb moisture more than polyethylene, polypropylene and (to a lesser extent) PET. Polystyrene is difficult to protect effectively against static. 

Complete suit protecting against chemicals, Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. 

The spin finish properties (wetting time, special adhesive content) must be correlated with the customer s machinery availability to guarantee optimum application. The preparations for softening and antistatic protection of the PP staple fibers must be compatible with the stabilizers, and should be preferably liquid and have suitable fogging and ecological behavior [115]. The most important properties of nondurable antistats include low volatility, low toxicity, heat resistance, oil solubility, nonyellowing characteristics, and low flammability they should also be noncorrosive, especially if the treated material will come into contact with metallic processing equipment. 

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