Epoxidized tall oil

Epo>y Compounds. Epoxidized soya oil (ESO) is the most widely used epoxy-type additive and is found ia most mixed metal stabilized PVC formulations at 1.0—3.0 phr due to its versatiHty and cost effectiveness. Other usefiil epoxy compounds are epoxidized glycerol monooleate, epoxidized linseed oil, and alkyl esters of epoxidized tall oil fatty acid. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Epoxidized tall oil, octyl ester Chemical Formula Mixture. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color. Pale yellow Odor Mild. Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State at IS X and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 420 (approx.) Boiling Point at 1 atm. Not pertinent Freezing Point Not pertinent Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity (est.) 1.002 at 20 °C (liquid) Vcpor (Gas) Specific Gravity Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vcpor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat of Vaporization Not pertinent Heat of Combustion Data not available Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. 

Epoxidized Tall Oil, Octyl Ester Epoxidized Vegetable Oils... 

In standard classification for vinyl plastics used in biomedical applications, a plasticizer is specified with prefix letter The letter is followed by a number from 1 to 14 which characterizes the type of plasticizer (e g., 1 - none, 2 - adipic acid derivative, 3 -azelaic, 4 - benzoic, 5 - citric, 6 - isophthalic, 7 - myristic, 8 - phosphoric, 9 - phthalic, 10 - sebacic, 11 - terephthalic, 12 - poly ether, 13 - polyethylene glycol, 14 - polyesters, 999 - other). The second letter specifies secondary plasticizer (e.g., A - none, B - alkyl epoxy stearates, C - epoxidized tall oil, D - epoxidized soybean oil, E - epoxidized linseed oil, F - epoxidized sunflower oil, Z - other). This classification is used to guide design engineers. Classification is not applicable to long-term implants. If there is a conflict between provisions of this standard and detailed specification for a particular device, the latter takes precedence. 

Epoxy ester. Epoxy ester plasticizers have limited compatibility with PVC. Therefore, they are used at low levels. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), the most widely used epoxy plasticizer, is also used as a secondary heat stabilizer. As a plasticizer, it provides excellent resistance to extraction by soapy water and low migration into adjoining materials that tend to absorb plasticizers. Other epoxy plasticizers include epoxidized linseed oil and epoxidized tall oils. Tall oils are prepared from tall oil fatty acids and Cs-Cs alcohols. 

Synonyms Epoxidized tall oil, octyl ester Chemical Formula Mixture (ii) Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as. shipped) Liquid Color Pale yellow Odor Mild (iii) Physical and Chemical Properties —... 

Epoxidized tall oil esters (EPT) can be compatibihzed with some overbased liquid stabilizers to form convenient blends. Epoxidized mixed (mainly octyl) alkyl esters of tall oil (mainly oleic and linoleic acids) are useful in lowering plastisol viscosity as compared with ESO or ELO. This results from their lower oxirane content (4-5 percent). They are mobile, more or less colorless liquids, SpG 0.92, with a flash point of 220-230 °C. Trade names include Drapex 4.4, Flexol EP-8, PlasthaU S-73, and Vikoflex 4050. Because of being mostly monofunctional in oxirane, heat and light aging of the pure epoxide is considerably better than with ESO or ELO. Because of variation in the alcohol used to form the ester, these products are listed under CAS 61789-01-3 (PlasthaU S-73 and Drapex 4.4) and 68082-34-8... 

Typically, soHd stabilizers utilize natural saturated fatty acid ligands with chain lengths of Cg—C g. Ziac stearate [557-05-1/, ziac neodecanoate [27253-29-8] calcium stearate [1592-23-0] barium stearate [6865-35-6] and cadmium laurate [2605-44-9] are some examples. To complete the package, the soHd products also contain other soHd additives such as polyols, antioxidants, and lubricants. Liquid stabilizers can make use of metal soaps of oleic acid, tall oil acids, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, octylphenol, and nonylphenol. Barium bis(nonylphenate) [41157-58-8] ziac 2-ethyIhexanoate [136-53-8], cadmium 2-ethyIhexanoate [2420-98-6], and overbased barium tallate [68855-79-8] are normally used ia the Hquid formulations along with solubilizers such as plasticizers, phosphites, and/or epoxidized oils. The majority of the Hquid barium—cadmium formulations rely on barium nonylphenate as the source of that metal. There are even some mixed metal stabilizers suppHed as pastes. The U.S. FDA approved calcium—zinc stabilizers are good examples because they contain a mixture of calcium stearate and ziac stearate suspended ia epoxidized soya oil. Table 4 shows examples of typical mixed metal stabilizers. 

Low Temperature. Plasticizers imparting improved low temperature flexibility and impact resistance are linear and include the esters of adipic, azelaic, and sebacic acids. Epoxidized monoesters of tall oil and... 

Epoxidized oils such as soybean, linseed and tall oil fatty acids are also used as plasticizers. While they don t pose the same health risks as the phthalates, they have limited compatibility with PVC and cannot be used at high temperatures. 

Tall oil fatty acid esters can be easily epoxidized in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. For satisfactory results, the tall oil fatty acid should be pretreated to remove trace phenolic impurities, such as dimethoxystilbene, in order to avoid pink coloration. 

Naturally Occurring Substances.— Tall oil, obtained as a by-product of pulping conifer wood chips, contains a mixture of fatty and diterpenoid resin acids and neutral compounds. The latter include" pimara-8(14),15-diene-3/S,18-diol, abieta-8,ll,13-triene-15,18-diol, 19-hydroxy-15,16-bisnorlabda-8(17)-en-13-one, 8,13i8-epoxylabd-14-en-6a-ol (6a-hydroxy-13-epimanoyl oxide), and the 9,10-secoabietatriene (41). The latter was also isolated from the bark of the jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and western white pine (P. monticola). A range of 7-monohydroxy, 1,7- and 1,11-dihydroxy-, and 1,7,11-trihydroxy-sandaraco-pimaradienes and their acetates (42) have been obtained" from Zexmenia (Compositae) species. The l,ll-diacetoxy-7-ketone and 6,7-epoxide were also isolated. 

EINECS 263-024-2 2-Ethylhexanol, tall oil fatty acids epoxidized ester 2-Ethylhexyl epoxy tallate Expoxidized 2-ethylhexyl ester of tall oil fatty acid Fatly acids, tail-oil, epoxidized, 2-ethylhexyl esters Flexol EP-8 Flexol plasticizer EP-8 sec-Octyl epoxytallate Tall oil, epoxidized, 2-ethylhexyl esters. 

The major market for plasticizers is dominated by ptimary plasticizers, phthalate esters, while 10—15% of plasticizers are derived from vegetable oils. The annual plasticizer market is "0.91 MMT (1 million t) and growing. Of the epoxidized vegetable oils, soybean oil is used in "75% of production. Epoxy linseed oil is used in vinyl liners of botde caps and medical mbing, where extraction of plasticizet must be avoided. Epoxy sunflower oil is more compatible with vinyl resin, while epoxy tall oils are used in some plastic products. 

Aliphatic esters are diesters of adipic, sebacic or azelaic acids and offer greater resistance to low temperatures than phthalates, but at a higher cost Epoxy ester plasticizers have limited compatibility with PVC so are used at low concentrations. The most widely used epoxy ester plasticizer is epoxidized soya bean oil (ESBO). ESBO resists extraction, does not migrate readily and acts also as a heat stabilizer. Other plasticizers in this group include epoxidized linseed oil and tall oil. 

Linseed oil. See Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil Linseed oil, blown. See Oxidized linseed oil Linseed oil, epoxidized. See Epoxidized linseed oil Linseed oil, oxidized. See Oxidized linseed oil Linseed oil, raw Linum usitatissimum Linum usitatissimum oil. See Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil Liquefied petroieum gas. See Butane Propane Liquid paraffin Liquid petroiatum. See Mineral oil Liquid phenoi. See Phenol Liquid rosin. See Tall oil Litharge Litharge pure. See Lead oxide, yellow... 

Epoxidized octyl tallate CAS 61788-72-5 EINECS/ELINCS 263-001-7 Synonyms 2-Ethylhexyl epoxytallate Fatty acids, tall oil, epoxidized, octyl ester Fatty acid, tall oil, epoxidized, octyl ester Isooctyl epoxytallate Octyl epoxy tallate Empirical C26H52O3... 

See Epoxidized soybean oii, methyi ester Fatty acids, soya, esters with propylene glycol. See Propylene glycol soyate Fatty acids, tall oil. See Tall oil acid Fatty acids, tall oil, ammonium salts. See Ammonium tallate... 

Fatty acids, tall oil, epoxidized, octyl ester. See Epoxidized octyl tallate... 

Fatty acids, wheat germ. See Wheat germ acid Fatty acid, tall oil, epoxidized, octyl ester. See Epoxidized octyl tallate Fat yellow. See4-Dimethylaminobenzene FB 10(y, FB . See Sodium percarbonate FBS 589C. See Polyquatemium-6 FC11. See Trichlorofluoromethane FC 12. See Dichlorodifluoromethane FC 21. See Dichlorofluoromethane FC 22. See Chlorodifluoromethane FC 31. See Chlorofluoromethane FC 112. See 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-... 

Common epoxy costabilizers are based on epoxidized soya bean oil and tall oil fatty acids or oleic acid. 

E. is used for the manufacturing of epoxidized vegetable oils (soybean and linseed oil) and of epoxidized alkyl esters of oleic acid and tall oil fatty acid (- epoxides). 

An interesting class of plasticizers are - epoxides, which are secondary plasticizer and (co)stabilizers simultaneously. They are formed by - epoxidation of unsaturated triglycerides, mainly - soybean oil and - linseed oil, or of unsaturated - fatty acid esters (e.g., butyl or ethylhexyl esters of ->oleic or - tall oil fatty acids). 

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