2-Ethyl-hexanoic acid

Typically, soHd stabilizers utilize natural saturated fatty acid ligands with chain lengths of Cg—C g. Ziac stearate [557-05-1/, ziac neodecanoate [27253-29-8] calcium stearate [1592-23-0] barium stearate [6865-35-6] and cadmium laurate [2605-44-9] are some examples. To complete the package, the soHd products also contain other soHd additives such as polyols, antioxidants, and lubricants. Liquid stabilizers can make use of metal soaps of oleic acid, tall oil acids, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, octylphenol, and nonylphenol. Barium bis(nonylphenate) [41157-58-8] ziac 2-ethyIhexanoate [136-53-8], cadmium 2-ethyIhexanoate [2420-98-6], and overbased barium tallate [68855-79-8] are normally used ia the Hquid formulations along with solubilizers such as plasticizers, phosphites, and/or epoxidized oils. The majority of the Hquid barium—cadmium formulations rely on barium nonylphenate as the source of that metal. There are even some mixed metal stabilizers suppHed as pastes. The U.S. FDA approved calcium—zinc stabilizers are good examples because they contain a mixture of calcium stearate and ziac stearate suspended ia epoxidized soya oil. Table 4 shows examples of typical mixed metal stabilizers. 

Open times of two-component urethanes can vary widely, depending on the level of catalyst. Reaction times can vary from 90 s to over 8 h. Dibutyltin dilaurate is the most common catalyst employed to catalyze the urethane reaction. This is normally added to the polyol side. A tertiary amine may also be added in small amounts. Tin catalysts do not catalyze the amine/isocyanate reaction very well. Acids, such as 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, may be employed to catalyze the amine/isocyanate reaction where needed. 

To this acid was then added 1 g of 4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinocarbonyl chloride (from the reaction of N-ethylethylenediamine and diethyl oxalate to give 2,3-dioxo-4-ethyl-piperazine which Is then reacted with phosgene) and the resulting mixture was reacted at 15°C to 20°C for 2 hours. After the reaction, a deposited triethylamine hydrochloride was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was incorporated with 0.4 g of n-butanol to deposit crystals. The deposited crystals were collected by filtration to obtain 1.25 g of white crystals of 6-[ D(—l-Ct-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1 -piperazinocarbonylaminolphenylacetamido] penicillanic acid. Into a solution of these crystals in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran was dropped a solution of 0.38 g of a sodium salt of 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran, upon which white crystals were deposited. The deposited crystals were collected by filtration, sufficiently washed with tetrahydrofuran and then dried to obtain 1.25 g of sodium salt of 6-[D(—)-a-(4-ethyl-2,3-di-0X0-1-piperazinocarbonylaminolphenylacetamido] penicillanic acid, melting point 183°C to 185°C (decomposition), yield 90%. 

Are used to accelerate autoxidation and hardening of oxidisable coatings. Metal soaps, used as paint driers, can be made from a variety of carboxylic acids, including the commercially important naphthenic and 2-ethyl hexanoic acids, tall oil, fatty acids, neodecanoic and isononanoic acid. Cobalt is unquestionably the most active drier metal available. Metallic driers such as cobalt naphthenate or octoate and zinc salts can interact with UVAs, HALS, or AOs. 

Steele, W.V., Chirico, R.D., Knipmeyer, S.E., and Nguyen, A. Vapor pressure, heat capacity, and density along the saturation line, measurements for cyclohexanol, 2-cyclohexen-l-one, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,4-di-ferf-butyl benzene, (+)-2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, perfluoro-n-heptane, and sulfolane, / Chem. Eng. ilafa, 42(6) 1021-1036,1997a. 

Eor example, in the intestinal tract and liver of both humans and animals DEHP is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases to yield mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and 2-ethylhexanol [25]. The latter metabolite is subsequently oxidized enzymatically to 2-ethyl hexanoic acid (2-EHXA) [26]. MEHP, 2-hethylhexanol, and/or their metabolites are the immediate inducers of the majority of enzymes known to be affected by exposure of DEHP [27]. Due to the high importance of the primary and secondary PAE metabolites in the human exposure smdies, during the last years a big number of smdies have been conducted to prove that some of them are appropriate biomarkers to calculate human PAE intake [28-30] and that their determination is easier than calculate it through food intake, which are more time consuming and subjects to several error sources. 

The major urinary metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, has been shown to be an appropriate marker for biological monitoring of dietary di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate intake (Loftus etal., 1993, 1994). A limited population study in the United Kingdom was undertaken to estimate the daily intake of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate following intake of a mean dose of 5.4 mg di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate presented with food. The study involved the determination of the urinary metabolite, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid (24-h mine sample) in 112 individuals from five geographical locations. A skewed distribution with a median value for the daily intake of 2.7 mg was determined (Loftus et al., 1994). This value is about one third of the indirectly estimated maximum intake of 8. 2 mg per day. The probability of a daily intake in excess of 8.2 mg in the limited population (112 individuals) was calculated to be 3% (Loftus etal, 1994). 

The filtrate was brought to pH = 1.8 with 10% hydrochloric acid. The ether layer was separated and the aqueous layer washed with ethyl acetate (3x2 L). The combined organic layers were washed with 5% KHS04 (3x1 L), water (3 x 1 L) and brine (1 L), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield 398.9 g of crude [R,lS,4S]-4-Cyclohexyl-l-[[[2-methyl-l-(l-oxopropoxy)propoxy](4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]acetyl]-L-proline, monosodium salt (isomer B). The crude product was dissolved in acetone (4393 ml), treated with a solution of 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, sodium salt (117.3 g) in acetone (1468 ml), then stirred at room temperature overnight. The resultant precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with acetone (3 x 400 ml) and hexane (1 L) then dried in vacuo. Yield 277 g, m.p. 195-196°C, [a]D= -5.1° (MeOH, c = 2), HI = 99.8%. Isomer "A" was not detectable. 

SYNS a-ETHYLCAPROIC ACID 2-ETHYL-HEXANOIC ACID 2-ETHYLHEXOIC ACID... 

Zic acetate Zinc chloride 2-ethyl hexanoic acid PEG vegetable oil... 

CeHio 180 1-Hexyne C8H16O2 141 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid... 

The concentration-time curve for the reactants is shown in Fig. 2, and the concentration-time curve for the products is depicted in Fig. 3. Examination of Fig. 3 shows that as well as the desired reaction product (the chlorohydrin ester), there are two other major product components. These were identified as 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (OL dichlorohydrin) and glycerol -1,3-di(2-ethylhexanoate) (hydroxy diester). The structure of the hydroxy diester was confirmed by its independent synthesis from glycidyl 2-ethyl hexanoate and 2-ethyl hexanoic acid. The yield of chlorohydrin ester was only 50.4%, the remainder of the 2-ethylhexanoic acid being converted to the undesirable hydroxy diester. Fig. 4 shows the structure of the products obtained in the 1 1 reaction. Fig. 5 depicts the formation of the hydroxy diester from glycidyl 2-ethylhexanoate and 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid. 

The elastomers investigated were prepared by curing a silicone resin (supplied by Rhodia Silicones) containing a blend of ingredients polysiloxane-diols, small amounts of hydrogen-methyl polysiloxane, tetraalkoxy silane and fumed silica filler. An organotin ingredient, stannous 2-ethylhexanoate, supplied as a 77% w/w solution in 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, was used as a cure initiator. Typically, 5 wt. of initiator is mixed into the polysiloxane resin. After the initial cure, the material is post-cured at 70°C for 16 h in an air oven. 

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