Emulsifying wax

Emulsifiable oil metal-working fluids, 1 22 Emulsification, 10 126 16 211 cosmetics, 7 837-841 hydrophobic-monomer, 14 717 Emulsified wax, in paper manufacture,... 

In polymer applications derivatives of oils and fats, such as epoxides, polyols and dimerizations products based on unsaturated fatty acids, are used as plastic additives or components for composites or polymers like polyamides and polyurethanes. In the lubricant sector oleochemically-based fatty acid esters have proved to be powerful alternatives to conventional mineral oil products. For home and personal care applications a wide range of products, such as surfactants, emulsifiers, emollients and waxes, based on vegetable oil derivatives has provided extraordinary performance benefits to the end-customer. Selected products, such as the anionic surfactant fatty alcohol sulfate have been investigated thoroughly with regard to their environmental impact compared with petrochemical based products by life-cycle analysis. Other product examples include carbohydrate-based surfactants as well as oleochemical based emulsifiers, waxes and emollients. 

Lipophilic ointment (oil ointment) consists of a lipophilic base (paraffin oil, petroleum jelly, wool fat [lanolin]) and may contain up to 10 % powder materials, such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, starch, or a mixture of these. Emulsifying ointments are made of paraffins and an emulsifying wax, and are miscible with water. 

Eccleston GM. Properties of fatty alcohol mixed emulsifiers and emulsifying waxes. In Elorence AT, ed. Materials used in Pharmaceutical Formulation. Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984 124-56. 

This procedure is used in pharmacopoeial assays of benzyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl oleate, methyl salicylate, cetostearyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, castor oil, arachis oil, cod liver oil, coconut oil. 

Figure 2 shows the influence of the different phase transitions on the rheological characteristics of a vaginal cream formulation containing cetostearyl alcohol and Poly-sorbate 60 as the emulsifying wax. Incomplete transition of two observable polymorphs... 

Eccleston GM. Functions of mixed emulsifiers and emulsifying waxes in dermatological lotions and creams. Colloid Surf A 1997 123-124, 169-182. 

Multiple actinic Fluorouracil Fluoroplex Emulsifying wax Benzyl alcohol... 

Antibacterial Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride Ciloxan White petrolatum, propylene glycol, emulsifying wax... 

Cetyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, polyoxyethylene-10 stearyl ether... 

Thoroughly emulsifies waxes in molten TNT (wax does not separate from molten HBX over a period of an hour at 100°C)... 

Mixture I RDX 60 TNT 40% with added 5 parts of emulsified wax (Stanolid or Aristo-wax, each of mp 165 170°F) 2 parts of Vinyl-seal (MA 28-14)... 

Emulsifying wax Collone HV, Crodex A, Lip owax PA BP Saponification value <2.0 iodine value <3.0C... 

Preparations containing emulsifying wax are preserved in well-closed container in a cool, dry place [11]. 

A wide range of vegetable and animal oils and fats are currently being used as bases and bioactive ingredients in many cosmetic applications. Typical applications of lipids in cosmetics include emollients and specific ingredients for skin care and treatment, hair care, and make-up/decorative products. The type of lipids commonly used in cosmetics include TAGs, emulsifiers, waxes, and structured lipids. The cosmetics industry was more than 25 billion in 2000, and new products are continually introduced in the market. 

Emulsifying ointment is made from emulsifying wax (cetostearyl alcohol and sodium lauryl sulphate) and paraffins. Aqueous cream is an oil-in-water emulsion of emulsifying ointment. 

Waxes Caranuba wax, emulsifying wax, hard fat, hydrophilic ointment, hydrophilic petrolatum, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, petrolatum, rose water ointment, synthetic paraffin, white wax, yellow ointment, and yellow wax... 

Fig. 1 Photomicrographs of typical emulsions. (A) A liquid paraffin-in-water emulsion stabilized by 1.89% Span 40 and 1.62% Tween 80. The polydispersity of the oil droplets before homogenization is clearly seen. (B) A liquid paraffin-water cream stabilized by a cationic emulsifying wax. Note the lamellar structures surrounding the oil droplets. (C) A multiple w/o/w emulsion. Water droplets can clearly be seen within the larger oil droplets.

Table 4 Typical emulsifying waxes and their component surfactants...

A novel nanoparticulate lipid-based carrier system was developed by Mumper et al. at the University of Kentucky. ° This carrier system is composed of a lipophilic-emulsifying wax such as cetyl alcohol/ polysorbate 60 and other surfactants such as Brij 72, Brij 78, and Tween 80. The nanoparticles were formed through a warm microemulsion technique where encapsulates have included paclitaxel and plasmid DNA. The emulsification process is spontaneous, and cooling of the emulsion causes solidification of the nanoparticle-containing drug. This novel carrier has shown high efficiency in drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. 

Others aluminum monostearate, emulsifying waxes, gelatin... 

A technique based on the formation of a multiple emulsion with an external aqueous phase was developed for the encapsulation of water-soluble drugs in order to replace the external oil phase. Possible unwanted interactions between the oil and the emulsified wax such as swelling or dissolution of the wax, clean-up requirements of the final product, and recovery of the oil phase could be eliminated. In analogy to the encapsulation of water-soluble drugs within polymeric microparticles by a w/o/w-solvent evaporation method, a molten wax phase was used instead of an organic polmer solution. A heated aqueous solution of pseudoephedrine HCl was emulsified into the molten carnauba wax, followed by the emulsification of this w/o-emulsion into a heated external aqueous phase. The temperature of the internal and external aqueous phases had to be kept above the melting temperature of the wax in order to avoid premature... 

Anionic emulsifying wax cetyl alcohol sodium lauryl sulfate stearyl alcohol. 

Cetrimide is also used as a cleanser and disinfectant for hard contact lenses, although it should not be used on soft lenses as an ingredient of cetrimide emulsifying wax, and in o/w creams (e.g. cetrimide cream). 

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