Ointment hydrophilic

Sodium dodecyl sulfate present in hydrophilic ointments has been determined by TLC on silica gel with flame ionization detection, which was considered better than the colorimetric method. TLC is preferred to HPLC in this case due to the low sensitivity of the refractive index detector that makes difficult the analysis of small amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate [284]. 

Melt the stearyl alcohol, white wax, and cholesterol (steam bath). Add the petrolatum and continue heating until a liquid melt is formed. Cool with stirring until congealed. III. Water-washable ointment (hydrophilic ointment, USP) White petrolatum 25% (w/w)... 

Simone and Popino have considered the stability of neomycin in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ointment bases. No loss of potency over a period of 1 year at 20°C was reported for formulations containing carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol(P.E.G.) or white-soft paraffin. However, formulations containing hydrous lanolin were reported to be unstable. All materials used in the formulations were obtained from U.S. sources. Coates et al3°l investigated the use of P.E.G. from British sources and described neomycin as being incompatible with the materials tested. 

Salicylic acid Precipitated sulfur Hydrophilic ointment... 

Water-removable bases are basically oil-in-water emulsions. Unlike hydrocarbon and absorption bases, a large proportion of aqueous phase can be incorporated into water-removable bases with the aid of suitable emulsifying agents. It is easy to remove these bases from the skin due to their hydrophilic nature. Hydrophilic ointment USP is an example of a water-removable ointment base. 

Water-removable ointments and creams are basically hydrophilic-type emulsions. They are prepared by fusion followed by mechanical addition approach. Hydrocarbon components are melted together and added to the aqueous phase that contains water-soluble components with constant stirring until the mixture congeals. A hydrophilic emulsifying agent is included in the aqueous phase in order to obtain stable oil-in-water dispersion. Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in the preparation of hydrophilic ointment USP. 

Figure 18 Influence of different cream bases on the photostability of Retinoic Acid. A, Basis cream DAC B, hydrophilic ointment with water DAB C, nonionic hydrophilic cream DAB ...

Waxes Caranuba wax, emulsifying wax, hard fat, hydrophilic ointment, hydrophilic petrolatum, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, petrolatum, rose water ointment, synthetic paraffin, white wax, yellow ointment, and yellow wax... 

Ftihrer, C. Junginger, H. Friberg, S. Structural studies of ointments. Part 1 X-ray structure studies on the hydrophilic ointment DAB 7. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1978, 29, 703-716. 

BASE Corp. Technical literature Bronopol products, 2000. Maibach HI. Dermal sensitization potential of 2-bromo-2-nltropropane-l,3-dlol (bronopol). Contact Dermatitis 1977 3 99. Elder RL. Final report on the safety assessment for 2-bromo-2-nltropropane-l,3-dlol. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980 4 47-61. Storrs FJ, Bell DE. Allergic contact dermatitis to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3-diol in a hydrophilic ointment. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983 8 157-170. 

Sodium lauryl sulfate is an emulsifier and an irritant, even in a 1 % concentration, as in hydrophilic ointment (Bergstresser and Eaglstein 1973). Contact allergy is extremely rare but has been claimed (Foussereau et al. 1974 Prater et al. 1978). 

Bergstresser PR, Eaglstein W (1973) Irritation by hydrophilic ointment under occlusion. Arch Dermatol 108 218-219... 

After this, the complex of BCDAC and hydroquinone was selected, because the surfactant BCDAC has been used previously in ophthalmic solutions. First, the stability of the complex was checked when it was mixed with several ointments. The complex was mixed with hydrophilic ointment (HO), hydrophilic petrolatum (HP), white petrolatum (WP), plastibase (PB) and zinc oxide ointment (ZO). The colour value. 

HO, hydrophilic ointment HQ, hydroquinone HP, hydrophilic petrolatum WP, white petrolatum PB, plastibase ZO, zinc oxide ointment. 

Hydrophilic ointment-aerogel-dithranol Hydrophilic ointment-dithranol with 10% IPM Dithranol-white soft parafin . . / ... 

Ointments are cutaneous preparations consisting of one phase, hydrophilic or hydrophobic, in which a solid phase may be dispersed. They are subdivided in hydrophobic ointments, water-emulsifying ointments and hydrophilic ointments. 

Hydrophobic ointments are ointments that can absorb only small quantities of water. The base of water emulsifying ointments is similar to the base of the hydro-phobic ointments but also contains one or a few emulsifying agents, so they can absorb larger quantities of water than hydrophobic ointments and form water-in-oU (w/o) or oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions, depending on the type of the emulsifier. Hydrophilic ointments are ointments which consist of only a hydrophilic phase. They are miscible with water. 

Solid particles should be small enough not to be felt when being applied onto the skin of the patient. The Ph. Eur. doesn t give detailed guidance for particle size in the chapters for cutaneous dosage forms (see Sect. 12.2) just that it has to be suitable for application. A maximum particle size of 90 pm in powders, hydrophobic and hydrophilic ointments and in creams is generally accepted and therefore recommended. 

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