Bovine articular chondrocytes

Aydelotte, M. B., Greenhill, R. R. and Kuettner, K. E. (1988) Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. II. Proteoglycan metabolism. Connect. Tissue. Res. 18, 223-34. 

Ascorbic acid stimulates proliferation of rabbit chondrocytes at high cell density, chick embryo and bovine articular chondrocytes, and rabbit cartilage explants. Although evidence suggests that ascorbic acid treatment does not directly stimulate transcription of ECM products, cultured chondrocytes undergo changes in gene expression characteristic of hypertrophy. 

Hung CH, Henshaw DR, Wang CC-B, Mauck RL, Raia F, Palmer G, Chao P-HG, Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Valhmu WB. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in bovine articular chondrocytes in response to fluid flow does not require calcium mobilization. J Biomech. 2001 33 73-80. 

Archer CW, McDowell J, Bayliss MT et al. (1990) Phenotypic modulation in sub-populations of human articular chondrocytes in vitro. J Cell Sci 97 361-371 Aydelotte MB, Kuettner KE (1988) Differences between subpopulations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. I. Morphology and cartilage matrix production. Conn Tiss Res 18 205-222... 

Aydelotte MB, Raiss RX, Caterson B, Kuettner KE (1992) Influence of interleukin-1 on the morphology and proteoglycan metabolism of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. Conn Tiss Res 28 143-159... 

Micromechanical stimulator devices have been fabricated and used to precisely assess the mechanical strain effects on the two-dimensional ceU cultures. For instance, a high-throughput perfusi(Mi-based micro-bioreactor platform was developed to exert uniform tensile strain in a controUable maimer to the attached cells within the central circular membrane (Fig. 1). This microdevice was capable of applying tensile strain similar to that experienced by the articular chondrocytes during walking in human and was used to demonstrate the effect of tensile strain on the physiology of bovine articular chondrocytes. 

In vitro studies A direct toxic effect of 0.5% bupivacaine solution on bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro has been reported [1( ]. Even a short exposure of 15-30 minutes was associated with up to 42% dead chondrocytes, and the rate was even higher (72%) when the articular surface was removed. 

Similar results were obtained in a study in which bovine articular chondrocytes were exposed to lidocaine 1% or 2% solution [11 ]. There was a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on chondrocytes that was less prominent than with bupivacaine, but still significant, suggesting that local anesthetics as a class (rather than a specific compound) may adversely affect cartilage metabolism. 

Karpie JC, Chu CR. Lidocaine exhibits dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Am J Sports Med 2007 35(10) 1621-7. 

YeUowley, C.E. et al.. Effects of fluid flow on intracellular calcium in bovine articular chondrocytes. Am. J. Physiol, 273, C30,1997. 

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