Effects on colon cancer

Wu JT, Archer SY, Hinnebnsch B, Meng S, Hodin RA. (2001) Transient vs. prolonged histone hyperacetylation Effects on colon cancer cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280 G482-G490. 

Rimando, A.M, and Suh, N. (2008) Biological/chemo-preventive activity of stilbenes and their effect on colon cancer, Planta Med., 74, 1635-1643. 

NO-NSAIDs have a profound effect on colon cancer kinetics, inhibiting both proliferation and enhancing cell death. This is accompanied by a dramatic effect on cell cycle, arresting the progression of the cell to the S phase (Williams et al. 2001). Moreover, NO-NSAIDs affect several important pathways and these effects may contribute to their chemopreventive effect they include the eicosanoid pathway, the NO pathway, and the signaling system involving NF-kB pathway (Fig. 4.1). 

Zhao, C. et al.. Effects of commercial anthocyanin-rich extracts on colonic cancer and nontumorigenic colonic cell growth, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 6122, 2004. Kaplan, M. et al.. Pomegranate juice supplementation to atherosclerotic mice reduces macrophage lipid peroxidation, cellular cholesterol accumulation and development of atherosclerosis, J. Nutr, 131, 2082, 2001. 

Zhao, C. et al., Effects of commercial anthocyanin-rich extracts on colonic cancer and nontumorigenic colonic cell growth, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 6122, 2004. 

A 1993 review by La Vecchia73 concluded that there were many inconsistencies in the results of the association between coffee and colorectal cancers. For tea, in 1997 Kohlmeier and associates74 after an in-depth review of tea studies concluded that there appeared to be some protective effect of green tea on colon cancer, while they found that the data for black tea was not clear since some studies showed no association and others found increased risk with regular use. 

Hosokawa, M., Kudo, M., Maeda, H., Kohno, H., Tanaka, T., and Miyashita, K. 2004. Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis and enhances the antiproliferative effect of the PPARgamma ligand, troglitazone, on colon cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1675 113-119. 

Chen MF, Chen LiT and Boyce HW, Jr. 1995. Cruciferous vegetables and glutathione their effects on colon mucosal glutathione level and colon tumor development in rats induced by DMH. Nutr Cancer 23(1) 77—83. 

GN170 Quilliot, D., F. Boman, C. Creton, X. Pelletier, J. Floquet, and G. Debry. Phytosterols have an unfavourable effect on bacterial activity and no evident protective effect on colon carcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001 10(3) 237-243. 

Although there are preliminary data supporting the antitumoral activity of quercetin, the most common flavonoid, in humans in the course of a Phase I clinical trial [189], direct evidence of the anticancer effect of flavonoids is derived almost exclusively from studies performed in animal models as well as studies performed on cultured cell lines, Fig. (2). Most animal studies on gastrointestinal cancer have focused on colon cancer using the azoxymethane (AOM) model in rats or mice [190-197]. There are also available reports on models of cancer of the stomach (induced by benzo[a]pyrene [198] or N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitro so guanidine [199]), oesophagus (N-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine [200]), and the tongue/oral cavity (methyl-(acetoxymethyl)-nitrosamine [198], 7,12-dimethyl-... 

The petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng has antiproliferative effects on various cancer cell lines (murine sarcoma, murine leukaemia, human colon carcinoma, etc ). Polyacetylenic compounds from this extract such as panaxynol, panaxydol (46) and panaxytriol have been reported to be responsible for these effects [112, 113]. In order to identify the molecular mechanism of the polyacetylene compounds, one of the major cytotoxic compounds, panaxydol, was examined to see if it is able to disrupt cell cycle-related events. It was observed that panaxydol induces cell cycle arrest at Gi-S transition in SK-MEL-1 cells. This effect is related to the decreased Cdk2 activity, which seems to be caused by the increased level of p27 protein expression. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide reversed the growth suppression induced by panaxydol (80 j,g/ml) by... 

The effect of black tea and tea with milk was evaluated on colon cancer induced by azoxymethane in F344 rat models (Weisburger et al, 1997). Foci of aberrant ciypts in the colon were decreased in both tea-fed and tea-and-milk-fed animals. The study showed... 

Shirin, El. et al.. Antiproliferative effects ofS-allylmercaptocysteine on colon cancer cells when tested alone or in combination with sulindac sulfide. Cancer Res., 61, 725,2001. 

In 2004, Jenab et al. [141] investigated the effect of nut and seed intake on colorectal cancer in men and women participating in the EPIC study across Europe. Total nut intake was determined from country-specific dietary questionnaires for 855 (327 men and 528 women) colon cancer cases, 474 (215 men and 259 women) rectal cancer cases, and 478,040 (141,988 men and 336,052 women) total subjects. Division of the data into colon and rectal cancers showed a significant protective effect of nut intake on colon cancer in females at the highest quintile of intake, which was greater than 6g daily. The results showed a significant protective effect of increased nut intake on colon cancer in women, with no effects on rectal cancer for either gender. 

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