Isopropyl alcohol, disinfectant

Over 68 aerosol products containing isopropyl alcohol solvent have been reported (145). Aerosol formulations include hair sprays (146), floor detergents (147), shoe poHshes (148), insecticides (149,150), bum ointments (151), window cleaners, waxes and poHshes, paints, automotive products (eg, windshield deicer), insect repellents, flea and tick spray, air refreshers, disinfectants, veterinary wound and pinkeye spray, first-aid spray, foot fungicide, and fabric-wrinMe remover (152) (see Aerosols). 

Medical Usage. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for home, hospital, and industry (see Disinfectants and antiseptics). It is about twice as effective as ethyl alcohol in these appHcations (153,154). Rubbing alcohol, a popular 70 vol % isopropyl alcohol-in-water mixture, exemplifies the medicinal use of isopropyl alcohol. Other examples include 30 vol % isopropyl alcohol solutions for medicinal liniments, tinctures of green soap, scalp tonics, and tincture of mercurophen. It is contained in pharmaceuticals, eg, local anesthetics, tincture of iodine, and bathing solutions for surgical sutures and dressings. Over 200 uses of isopropyl alcohol have been tabulated (2). 

In one procedure that has been widely used, the sample, after suitable treatment, is refluxed with sodium and isopropyl alcohol, after which the solution is diluted with water and the inorganic chloride is determined by standard methods (13, 54) The method has been adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists 29, 30) as a tentative one for technical DDT and for dusts, oil solutions, and aqueous emulsions of DDT, for use in the absence of other chlorine-containing compounds. The National Association of Insecticide and Disinfectant Manufacturers has also accepted the total-chlorine method for the analysis of these preparations 28). Essentially the same procedures have been described by Donovan 22), of the Insecticide Division of the Production and Marketing Administration, for technical DDT and various commercial DDT products containing no other compounds interfering with the chlorine determination. 

Alcohols Denature proteins when mixed with water Isopropyl alcohol is used to disinfect skin, and ethylene and propylene glycol are used in aerosols... 

Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol in an aqueous solution (between 70 and 92%) is an inexpensive and easily accessible disinfectant, which is rapidly acting and bactericidal as well as germicidal to most viruses, fungi, and other pathogens.13 However, its residual activity is limited and it should be used in conjunction with a longer-acting disinfectant (i.e., chlorhexidine) for optimal antimicrobial... 

Alcohols are important commercially and include uses as solvents, drugs, and disinfectants. The most widely used alcohols are methanol or methyl alcohol, CH3OH, ethanol or ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH, and 2-propanol or isopropyl alcohol, (CH3)2CHOH. Methyl alcohol is found in automotive products such as antifreeze and dry gas. Ethyl alcohol is used as a solvent for drugs and chemicals, but is more popularly known for its effects as an alcoholic beverage. Isopropyl alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is an antiseptic. 

Betnovate scalp application is an aqueous suspension and contains carbomer, isopropyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide and purified water. Carbomer is a thickening agent and it is used to increase the stability of suspension/emulsion formulations. Isopropyl alcohol is often used in topical formulations. It may be used as a solvent or as a disinfectant (if >70% concentration). Sodium hydroxide would be used to adjust the pH of the formulation, specifically in this case... 

A wide range of substances that are toxic to the cornea may produce epithelial insult known as toxic keratitis. This terminology is generally reserved for mild superficial corneal irritation after contact with a harmful substance. Solutions foreign to the eye that commonly cause toxic keratitis include shampoos, lotions, and chlorinated pool water. Toxic corneal reactions have been reported from tonometer tips contaminated with 70% isopropyl alcohol or hydrogen peroxide that was not fully removed after disinfection of the probe. Irreversible corneal scarring has resulted from inadvertent ocular contamination with chlorhexidine gluconate, a skin cleanser used preop-eratively. The mistaken use of nonophthalmic products for eyedrops may result in various forms of corneal trauma. 

Isopropyl alcohol has some antimicrobial activity (see Section 10) and a 70% v/v aqueous solution is used as a topical disinfectant. Therapeutically, isopropyl alcohol has been investigated for the treatment of postoperative nausea or vomiting,... 

Alcohols and aldehydes have been used as antiseptics and disinfectants fur many ycars. Two of the mo.si commonly used antiseptics and disinfectants are ethyl and isopropyl alcohol. 

The alcohol forms a constant-boiling mixture with water (hat contains 91% v/v of 2-propanol. Isopropyl alcohol is used primarily us a disinfectant for the skin and for surgical instruments. The alcohol is rapidly baciericitlal in the concentration range of 50 to 95%. A 407p eoneentration is considered equal in antiseptic efficacy to a 60% ethanol in water solution. Azeotropic isopropyl alcohol, USP, is u.scd on gauze pads for sterilization of the skin prior to hypodermic injections. Isopropyl alcohol is also used in pharmaceuticals and toiletries us a. solvent and preservative. 

Since home identification of a Brown Recluse spider is rarely possible, a brown spider bite should be treated as any other bite of an unknown insect or spider. Management should include the application of a topical disinfectant such as 3% hydrogen peroxide or isopropyl alcohol and brief application of a cold compress for pain. Should the bite site develop increased redness and swelling or a local ulcer develop over several days, a physician should evaluate the wound to rule out infection. 

Ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol have similar disinfectant properties. They are active against enveloped viruses but their action against nonenveloped viruses is variable. They are used at concentrations of about 70% in water it is necessary to have a wetting agent to assist penetration of the alcohols. Such alcohol solutions may be used to disinfect surfaces and to decontaminate centrifuge buckets. 

In recognition of the need for broad spectrum hand disinfectants, new formulations of sanitary mbs have been tested for vimcidal activity. Enveloped vimses including VACV were exposed to three common alcohol-based sanitary mbs containing at least 75% alcohol, at exposure times of 15, 30 and 60 s. Significant viral inactivation (>4 log 10 steps) after 15 s with infectivity reduced to below detectable levels [65], In an earlier study, Schumann and Grossgebauer [95] observed complete disinfection of VACV from hands using 70% isopropyl-alcohol with a 2-5 min exposure. Similarly, VACV embedded in rabbit dermal scabs were completely inactivated after 3 h exposures in... 

Disinfectants for hands 0.3% Cetyipyridinium Bromide 0.2% Chlorogene Solution 70% Isopropyl Alcohol... 

Isopropanol GC Skin disinfectant containing isopropyl alcohol used before venipuncture (highly variable, usually trivial, but up to 40 mg/dL). 

Isopropyl alcohol is widely used as a solvent, an antiseptic, and a disinfectant and is commonly available in the home as a 70% solution (rubbing alcohol). It Is often ingested by alcoholics as a cheap substitute for liquor. Unlike the other common alcohol substitutes methanol and ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol is not metabolized to highly toxic organic acids and therefore does not produce a profound anion gap acidosis. Hospitals sometimes color isopropyl alcohol with blue dye to distinguish it from other clear liquids this has led abusers to refer to it as blue heaven. ... 

Chemical compatibility/resistance is of particular importance to medical applications. Disinfectants represent one class of chemicals that includes Betadine , glutaraldehyde-based disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite solution (5 %), ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide (3 %), and ammonium chloride-based disinfectant. Additionally, resistance to methyl ethyl ketone, saline solution, lipid-based compounds, and fatty acids is important. 

Isopropyl alcohol, a widely used antiseptic and disinfectant, is nsed to disinfect thermometers, needles, anesthesia equipment, and other instrnments. The odor of isopropyl alcohol may be detected at concentrations of 40-200 ppm. Exposure to isopropyl alcohol can canse irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes. Contact with the liquid may also cause skin rashes. The OSHA PEL is 400 ppm for an 8 h TWA. Workers should use appropriate protective clothing such as gloves and face shields to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with isopropyl alcohol. Splash-proof safety goggles should also be provided and required for use where isopropyl alcohol may contact the eyes. 

Rubbing alcohol is a 70% solution of isopropyl alcohol and is often used for disinfecting the skin. 

Isopropyl alcohol (CAS 67-63-0), 1% ethyl alcohol (skin disinfectant) (Jensen 1981)... 

Herzog J, Dunne J, Aber R, Claver M, Marks JG (1988) Milk tester s dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 19 503-508 Jensen 0 (1981) Contact allergy to propylene oxide and isopropyl alcohol in a skin disinfectant swab. Contact Dermatitis 7 148-150... 

Commonly used disinfectants are ethanol 70 % or isopropyl alcohol 70 %. The disinfectant must be sterile and spore-free. This can be achieved by adding 0.125 % hydrogen peroxide, sterilisation by 0.2 pm filtration, or sterilisation by gamma radiation. Neither ethanol nor isopropyl alcohol are sporicidal, i.e. they are not effective against bacterial spores (see Table 31.4). Unless there are validation data from the manufacturer, it is recommended that the maximum in-use period for sterile disinfectants is limited to one week after opening. This should be noted on the container after it is opened. (Often the contents will be used well before then.)... 

Isopropyl alcohol (or 2-propanol) can be purchased at any drugstore as rubbing alcohol. It is commonly used as a disinfectant for woxmds and to sterilize medical instruments. Isopropyl alcohol should never be consumed internally, as it is highly toxic. A few oxmces of isopropyl alcohol can cause death. A third common alcohol is methanol, also called wood alcohol. Methanol is commonly used as a laboratory solvent and as a fuel additive. Like isopropyl alcohol, methanol is toxic and should never be consumed. 

A hydroxyl group (-0H) on benzene yields the compound phenol, CgHjOH. The -ol suffix on phenol indicates that phenol is an alcohol. Phenol was one of the first chemicals to be used as a disinfectant. In fact, its use dates to 1865. Phenol can be pretty irritating to tissues, however, so it is no longer used for that purpose. However, other alcohols, particular rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) are still used today as disinfectants without the side effects of phenol. 

There are two isomers of CjHgO—n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol commoifly is sold as rubbing alcohol and consists of a solution that is 70 percent alcohol and 30 percent water. Rubbing alcohol gets its name because it can be rubbed on sore muscles to relieve pain. Rubbing alcohol also is a good antiseptic and is often used by doctors and nurses to disinfect a patient s skin prior to injection with a hypodermic needle. 

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