Disinfectant properties

A poly( -vinyl-2-pyrroHdinone)-iodine complex [25655-41-8] (PVP-iodine), has been used extensively in hospitals and elsewhere because of its germicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and generally disinfecting properties (150). It is sold as a solution that contains about 10% available, or active, iodine and about 5% inactive iodine, in the form of iodide ion (see Disinfectants and antiseptics Industrial antimicrobial agents). 

In the other market areas, lead naphthenates are used on a limited basis in extreme pressure additives for lubricating oils and greases. Sodium and potassium naphthenates are used in emulsiftable oils, where they have the advantage over fatty acid soaps of having improved disinfectant properties. Catalyst uses include cobalt naphthenate as a cross-linking catalyst in adhesives (52) and manganese naphthenate as an oxidation catalyst (35). Metal naphthenates are also being used in the hydroconversion of heavy petroleum fractions (53,54) and bitumens (55). 

Agrochemical Products. Hydrazones of vanillin have been shown to have a herbicidal action similar to that of 2,4-D, and the zinc salts of dithiovanillic acid. Made by the reaction of vanillin and ammonium polysulfide in alcohoHc hydrochloric acid, dithiovanillic acid is a vulcanization inhibitor. 5-Hydroxymerciirivanillin, 5- a cetoxym erci iri va n ill in, and 5-ch1oromercurivani11in have been prepared and found to have disinfectant properties. 

Commercial laundries have used and continue to use sodium hypochlorite as the primary bleaching agent because of its whitening and disinfectant properties. 

PVA film/ Sodium alginate/ Proteolytic enzyme Protease C (Pr)+ polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride [PHMG], as antimicrobial (AM) -biological active material -decreases the rate of inactivation of Pr by 2 times -decrease the amount of desorbed AM by 10 times, giving the film self-disinfecting properties. 236... 

Sodium hypochlorites (and calcium hypochlorite s) disinfection property is due to its ability to form hypochlorous acid, HOC1. The hypochlorous acid oxidizes the cell walls and kills bacteria. Sodium hypochlorite generates hypochlorous acid according to the reaction NaOCl( H2offi —> HOCl + NaOH(Ml. The hypochlorite ion generated from NaOCl exists... 

How are the disinfecting properties of ultraviolet light and ozone similar to each other ... 

OZONE. [CAS 10028-15-6]. Ozone, O3, is an allolropic form of oxygen first recognized as a unique substance in 1840. Its pungent odor is detectable at "0.01 ppm. It is thermally unstable and explosive in the gas, liquid, and solid phases. In addition to being an excellent disinfectant, ozone is a powerful oxidant not only thermodynamically, but also kinetically, and has many useful synthetic applications in research and industry. Its strong oxidizing and disinfecting properties and its innocuous... 

The marketing of bromine/chlorine products is based primarily on comparing the oxidizing and disinfecting properties of the various granules and tablets both with directly competing products and other technologies. 

Chlorine (Cl) Chlorine, like bromine, is a diatomic molecule, Cl2. Chlorine is a toxic green gas that has excellent disinfectant properties. Chlorine gas dissolves in sodium hydroxide to give sodium hypoclorite (NaOCl), which you probably know as Clorox . 

Disinfectant and bactericidal liquids. Silicone compounds which are have a simular structure to diphenyldichloro(trichloromethyl)methane (DDT) have much stronger disinfecting properties than DDT. 

A general method for synthesizing starch-metal complexes with Ba, Ca, Sr, Be, Mg, Zn, Al, Fe, and Cu is given by a 1926 British patent,522 wherein alkali starches were treated with one or more metal salts. The cupric complex was reported to have disinfecting properties. 

Now, let us discuss the final fate of trichloramine during disinfection. In accordance with the chloramine reactions [Reactions (17.34) to (17.36)], by the time three moles of HOCl have been added, a mole of trichloramine would have been formed. This, however, is not the case. As mentioned, while the monochloramine decomposes in a stepwise fashion to convert into the dichloramine, its destruction into the nitrogen gas intervenes. Thus, the eventual formation of the dichloramine would be less in fact, much, much less, since, as we have found, formation of the gas is favored over the formation of the dichloramine. In addition, monochloramine and dichloramine, themselves, react with each other along with HOCl to form another gas N2O [NH2CI -1-NHCI2 + HOCl N2O -I- 4H" -I- 4CL]. Also, there may be more other side reactions that could occur before the eventual formation of the dichloramine from monochloramine. Overall, as soon as the step for the conversion of the dichloramine to the trichloramine is reached, the concentration of dichloramine is already very low and the amount of trichloramine produced is also very low. Thus, if, indeed, trichloramine has a disinfecting power, this disinfectant property is useless, since the concentration is already very low in the first place. This is the reason why combined chlorine is only composed of the monochloramine and the dichloramine. Also, it follows... 

Benzyl alcohol is oxidized by the liver to benzoic acid, and then conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid. Metabolic acidosis can be explained by a direct effect of benzoic acid and/or secondary lactic acid production through depression of cellular metabolism. Benzyl alcohol is a weak local anesthetic with disinfectant properties. 

Ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol have similar disinfectant properties. They are active against enveloped viruses but their action against nonenveloped viruses is variable. They are used at concentrations of about 70% in water it is necessary to have a wetting agent to assist penetration of the alcohols. Such alcohol solutions may be used to disinfect surfaces and to decontaminate centrifuge buckets. 

In medicine too these compounds are of interest and a variety of pharmaceutical products are based on heterocyclic thioxo compounds containing nitrogen atoms in the ring. Among these are diuretics, aiiti-malarials, antitumors, cytostatica, coronary vasodilators, myocardial stimulants, products with antimitotic activity or with dermatological and disinfectant properties. 

Formic acid, like formaldehyde, has good disinfectant properties. It exists in honey preventing it from being spoilt easily. It is also used in textile dying and leather tanning. In addition, formic acid is a starting material in the production of fertilizers, rubbers and plastics. Plus the calcium salt of formic acid is a good softener when dissolved in water. 

High level of disinfectant properties, based on cationic and nonionic surfactants... 

UV irradiation of drinking water is mostly applied in water treatment installations for disinfection purposes. However, the application of a UV-based AOP carries several advantages besides the disinfecting properties, a chemical conversion of organic substances is induced. 

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