Disease tooth decay

Copper deficiency Copper imbalance causes health disorders that include arthritis, fatigue, adrenal burnout, insomnia, scoliosis, osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, migraine headaches, seizures, fungal and bacterial infections, gum disease, tooth decay, skin and hair problems, and female organ conditions including uterine fibroids and endometriosis. Copper deficiency is associated with atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular conditions, aneurysms, gout, and anemia. - - ... 

For centuries, there have been many records in China relating to the health benefits of drinking tea. People have believed that tea can stimulate thought processes and mental alertness increase blood flow clear the urine and facilitate its flow prevent tooth decay increase the body s power of resistance to a wide range of diseases and prolong life expectancy. However, these claims were primarily anecdotal. It is only in the last few decades that the health benefits of tea are beginning to be demonstrated from a scientific perspective. Numerous recent reports on tea and human health have been examined and this chapter gives a brief review of certain aspects of current research. 

In recent years the consumption of carbohydrates in the form of refined sugar has received significant attention from health professionals. The annual consumption of sugar in the United States is about 50 pounds per person or just under 1 pound per week. The adverse effects of excessive sugar in the diet include obesity, increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, tooth decay, and disruptive behavior such as hyperactivity in children. Because of these problems, the food industry has used a number of synthetic or artificial sweeteners in place of sugar. These artificial sweeteners may reduce the use of sugars, but they have also been... 

A high sucrose diet promotes decay.11 While most people have some trouble with tooth decay, 1 or 2 per thousand remain totally free of caries and seem to be immune. Many factors must affect resistance to caries. For example, individuals vary in the kinds and numbers of bacteria present on teeth and in the structure of tooth enamel.0 Addition of fluoride ion to water supplies at a level of lppm (0.05 mM) is generally believed to reduce the incidence of tooth decay. However, caries has been declining in many developed countries at rates that are the same for water with or without fluoride.p q If teeth escape caries periodental disease, caused by bacteria, is often a major problem for older people.1... 

Except for the common cold, tooth decay (caries) is the most prevalent disease in the United States.11 1 Caries is initiated by attack of acids produced by bacterial fermentations on the enamel. The saliva contains calcium and phosphate and is supersatu-... 

In Nigeria, fruits of V. zenkeri have been successfully used to treat lumbago and arthritis associated with different type of cancers and inflammatory diseases 48). In Cameroon, V. africana seeds extracts are used in traditional medicine to treat orchitis, tooth decay and gonorrhea, and these uses were related to the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the extracts (7). An infusion based on the bark from V. africana has been used for the relief stomach complaints and root decoctions for hernia pain and kidney troubles (5). 

If there is one thing the American people believe in, it s the power of toothpaste to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. But most people don t realize that this imputed power of prevention defies all the known facts of microbiology, to say nothing of common sense. 

This assumption has never been proven to be true. In fact, the evidence shows just the opposite—that cavities aren t caused by rotten food. They are caused by a rotten diet. The great nutritionist, Dr. Weston Price, proved many years ago that native tribes in the South Pacific that have not been exposed to modern food do not get cavities or gum disease. His work was confirmed by Vilhjalmur Stefansson, a great Arctic explorer back in the first half of this century whose observations of the Eskimo tribes and study of the ancient skulls in Iceland showed no signs of tooth decay. 

It is a traditional remedy for infected gums, tooth decay and halitosis. In many parts of Europe it is used in the treatment of early stages of fevers, colds and in nervous disorders. In Tuscany, it is used as poultice for liver complaints, taken inemally for same disease and for dropsy [69],... 

Consumed in moderate amounts, sucrose poses no health hazards to humans or other animals. Eating excessive amounts of sucrose, however, is related to a number of health problems, most important, dental caries (tooth decay) and obesity. Sucrose is an important factor in the development of tooth decay because it provides the primary nutrient needed by bacteria living in the mouth. Cleaning one s teeth regularly is the best single way of preventing dental caries caused by the consumption of sucrose. Obesity is a problem that develops when a person consumes more foods than needed for normal healthy body function. When those foods are not utilized by the body, they are stored as fatty deposits, resulting in obesity and a number of health problems related to it, such as diabetes and heart disease. 

Dental caries, or tooth decay, is one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States and possibly in the world, although modern treatments such as fluoride and flossing have greatly reduced its... 

Precautions Polyphenol substances in tea are believed to inhibit the action of carcinogens in food and tobacco, and may protect against heart disease. Other elements of tea may prevent tooth decay. Tannins in tea help fight bacteria and viruses. 

Tooth decay (dental caries) is one of the most common diseases in humans [8]. It has been defined as a chronic, dietomiaobial, site-specific disease caused by a shift from protective factors favouring tooth remineralization to destructive factors leading to demineralization [9]. The specific factors leading to destruction of the mineral phase of the tooth are the presence of oral bacteria, mainly Streptococcus mutans [10], and the availability of fermentable carbohydrates from the diet. This combination leads to the production of organic acids as a result of the metabolic process of the bacteria, of which the main one is lactic acid, though other weak acids, such as ethanoic and propanoic can also occur [11]. These acids dissolve the mineral component of the tooth, leading to loss of structure. 

Dentistry involves the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders and diseases of the teeth, mouth, jaw, and face. Dentistry includes instruction on proper dental care, removal of tooth decay, teeth straightening, cavity filling, and corrective and reconstructive work on teeth and gums. Dentistry is recognized as an important component of overall health. Practitioners of dentistry are called dentists. Dental hygienists, technicians, and assistants aid dentists in the provision of dental care. 

Black pepper is historically used also in traditional medicines and home remedies in India [3]. Black pepper figures in remedies in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani medicine in India for such illnesses as constipation, diarrhea, earache, gangrene, heart disease, hernia, hoarseness, indigestion, insect bites, insomnia, joint pain, liver problems, lung disease, oral abscesses, sunburn, tooth decay, and toothaches. Black pepper was relied upon to treat specific conditions such as diarrhea and fevers, but it appears that the extensive, generalized use was to enhance the effects of many herbal remedies [3]. 

Except for the common cold, tooth decay is the most prevalent disease in the United States. More than 95% of all Americans have decayed teeth by the time they become adults. In 1989, the annual bill for dental care totaled 31.4 billion. But more than money is involved) Tooth decay results in lost time, pain, and if it leads to loss of teeth, there is impaired chewing, speech, appearance, and general well-being. However, since no one dies of tooth decay, people generally do not get overly excited about it, as they do heart disease or cancer. Overall, dental health is viewed indifferently by the general public. 

GOOD DENTAL HEALTH. Disregarding some genetic defect, most tooth decay and periodontal disease is preventable through sound nutrition and diet, proper care of the teeth, and fluoride treatment. 

Although the requirements for caries prevention and diseases development have been well established from many years of research in the field of cariology, our perception of how tooth decay may be remineralized has expanded substantially in the last decade. 

The use of white phosphorus was eventually banned by international agreement, because of the terrible industrial diseases it caused. Breathing air that was contaminated with phosphorus vapour could eventually lead to tooth decay that ate it.s way down to the jaw bonp (known as phossy Jaw ). Because matches were first made by hand in the homes of the poor, the disease exacted a fearful toll among early workers. 

Mechanical removal of plaque is the most effective measure against plaque-caused diseases, dental caries, and periodontal diseases. Even before the advent of fluoride treatments, it was assumed that a clean tooth does not decay. A toothbmsh is effective in removing dental plaque and, for those individuals who optimize its use, it usually can adequately control plaque. Despite the proven efficacy of mechanical plaque removal, the amount of patient involvement is such that only about 30% of the population in developed countries and considerably less in undeveloped countries can be expected to adequately remove plaque (1). Hence, supplementary measures such as dentifrices and dental rinses are necessary. 

The most common oral condition and dental emergency is dental caries, which is a destructive disease of the hard tissues of the teeth due to bacterial infection with Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria. It is characterized by destruction of enamel and dentine. Dental decay presents as opaque white areas of enamel with grey undertones and in more advanced cases, brownish discoloured cavitations. Dental caries is initially asymptomatic and pain does not occur until the decay impinges on the pulp, and an inflammation develops. Treatment of caries involves removal of the softened and infected hard tissues, sealing of exposed dentines and restoration of the lost tooth structure with porcelain, silver, amalgam, composite plastic, gold etc. 

Fluoride (Fl) is the most widely used of the pharmacologically beneficial trace elements in the area of public health. Dental caries has been described as the last major epidemic of preventable bacterial disease and dental decay leads to tooth loss, nutritional problems, and systemic infections. ... 

One of the most important problems of cell adhesion is dental plaque, which is formed when bacteria such as streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis adhere to tooth surfaces, causing decay (caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Dental plaque can be removed by brushing or prevented by chemical additives, such as chlorhexidine, which kill the bacteria. Study of dental plaque is normally done on hydroxy apatite which is the main component of dental enamel. 

Several scientific milestones transformed dentistry in the nineteenth century. In 1844, Horace Wells administered nitrous oxide to a patient before a tooth extraction, becoming the first dentist to use anesthesia. In 1890, dentist Willoughby Dayton Miller connected microbes to the decay process, extending the germ theory to dental disease. In 1898, William Hunter introduced the term oral sepsis to the profession of dentistry and called attention to the contaminated practices and instruments used by dentists. In 1918, radiology was added to dental school curricula, and by the 1930 s, most dentists in the United States were using X rays as part of routine dental diagnostics. 

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