White areas

Fig. 3. Microstmctures of cemented carbides, (a) 94%WC—6%Co alloy, coarse grain, (b) 85%WC—9%(Ta,Ti,Nb)C—6%Co alloy, medium grain size. The gray angular particles are WC and the dark gray rounded particles are soHd solution carbides. The white areas are cobalt biader.

The Development Process. In the original electrophotographic demonstration, development was accompHshed by dusting lycopodium powder over an exposed sulfur film. This yielded low density images of poor resolution. Considerable powder settied in the exposed background areas (the white areas of a document), and image transfer to paper could only be achieved by prior coating of the paper with wax or another sticky material. 

Figure 5.19 As in Fig. 5.18. Typical galvanizing layer on an internal surface in cross section. Compare with Fig. 5.20. The uniform white area at bottom is the tube steel. (Magnification 220x, unetched.)...

Combustible placards which display the identification number will have a white area under the identification number display to differentiate them from flammable liquids,... 

Figure 14-7. A MISFET in operation, (a) VK>V l/j=0 an n-lypc channel of constant thickness forms at the insulator-semiconductor interlace, (b) V, > V , Vlt - Vy, the channel is pinched ofl at the drain contact. The white area that separates the p-lype substrate from the ii-lypc contacts and channel represents the depletion layer.

Across the top there is a menu bar with the usual Windows-type pull-down menus arranged from left to right in the order Files, Data Selection, Data Manipulation, Extras/Options, Output, or similar. Those options that are allowed or make sense in a given context are activated. Requests for numerical input make use of the standard Windows-type gray box with the question that is to be answered, the white area into which the data is written, and the appropriate confirmatory Yes/No/Cancel buttons. 

Fig. 3.7.1 Schematic of the DDIF effect in porous medium. The black areas are solid grains and the white areas are pore space. Diffusing spins in permeating fluid sample the locally variable magnetic field B(r) (solid contours sketched inside pore space) as it diffuses.

Figure 10.2 An immunostained specimen, after segmentation for the stained cell nuclei. In this specimen, one can either count the nuclei or divide the total segmented white area by an average nuclear area (taking into account few nuclei are full size). 

We observed also the morphological pictures of cholesterol LB films. The small disordered (white) area was frequently observed in the prepared cholesterol LB films and they were largely decreased after aging at 70 °C for 1 h (photographs are not shown). This is consistent with the hydration behavior that the hydration of cholesterol LB films was largely decreased with increasing temperatures (see Figure 14). 

Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the qualitative behavior of sE, vE, cE, and dvE/dT as functions of p and d (xA = xB = 0.5). White area = positive sign, shaded area = negative Sign.

For most pH values and at most potentials, titanium is passive and no corrosion takes place. This is revealed by the white areas of Fig. 23.2. However, there are some exceptions. Consider alkaline attack (Fig. 23.3). It is occasionally assumed that titanium cannot be used in the alkaline conditions of hypochlorite and excess alkalinity, etc. Corrosion data do not sustain this assumption. It is only at high temperatures and high concentrations that corrosion becomes a factor of concern, as does the increase in erosion under such conditions. 

Figure 8. Cell cycle profiles of BrdU negative cells in pulse and chase experiment gated based on BrdU/DNA content dot plot. Cells in the S phase were labelled with BrdU and left in a drug-free medium. Data analysis of BrdU negative cells normalized by cell counting of pulse-labelling experiment was displayed and grey and white area indicated treated or untreated groups by different time point.

Data analysis for pulse-labelling and-chase experiment of BrdU labelled and unlabelled fractions normalized for cell count permit to analyze cytostatic and cytotoxic effects during recovery time after lh- treatment. In different cell cycle phases in white area we have shown drug effects for both fractions, while in grey what was expected for untreated samples. 

Figure 9.9 Dark field micrographs obtained from in situ hybridization experiments, demonstrating the colocalization of hupS and nifH mRNAs (white areas) in pea nodules containing R. legumbosarum bv. viciae. 

Weight percent of opal in surface marine sediments (generally 0 to 5 cm). White areas indicate no data. Source From Seiter, K., et al. (2004). Deep-Sea Research I 51, 2001-2026. 

Fig. 1. (Left) MR image of bruises (white area on top and bottom) in Red Delicious apples. (Right) The corresponding optical micrograph. Reprinted with permission from Chen et al.

White areas of original image are black Black areas of original image are white Blue areas of original image are yellow... 

Several methods have been developed for quantifying dental fluorosis. The most commonly used method is Dean s index [49], which classifies fluorosis on a scale of 0 to 4 as follows class 0, no fluorosis class 1, very mild fluorosis (opaque white areas irregularly covering <25% of the tooth surface) class 2, mild fluorosis (white areas covering 25-50% of the tooth surface) class 3, moderate fluorosis (all surfaces affected, with some brown spots and marked wear on surfaces subject to attrition) and class 4, severe fluorosis (widespread brown stains and pitting). The average score of the two most severely affected teeth is used to derive the classification. Other commonly used methods to rate dental fluorosis include the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI) [50] and the tooth surface... 

The most common oral condition and dental emergency is dental caries, which is a destructive disease of the hard tissues of the teeth due to bacterial infection with Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria. It is characterized by destruction of enamel and dentine. Dental decay presents as opaque white areas of enamel with grey undertones and in more advanced cases, brownish discoloured cavitations. Dental caries is initially asymptomatic and pain does not occur until the decay impinges on the pulp, and an inflammation develops. Treatment of caries involves removal of the softened and infected hard tissues, sealing of exposed dentines and restoration of the lost tooth structure with porcelain, silver, amalgam, composite plastic, gold etc. 

Global GRS maps of Mars, for (a) silicon, (b) iron, and (c) /Th. Letters represent spacecraft landing sites V1 and V2 Viking, PF Mars Pathfinder, M Merdiani (Opportunity), and G Gusev (Spirit). The line in (b) separates the southern highlands from the northern lowlands. White areas above 50° N and S were not analyzed. 

Figure 9,1 Representation of some biphasic systems (a) liquid/liquid systems, and (b) liquid/solid system. Dashed area organic phase white area water phase black dots biocatalyst [12].

Fig. 8.4. Proportions of male Hemileuca eglanterina attracted to lures baited with either 100 10 1 (white area) or 0 100 10 (black area) acetate-alcohol-aldehyde blends at various locations along the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. (From McElfresh and Millar (2001), where designations for localities can be found.)...

Nowadays it is established that confocal microscopy observation can be a more sensitive method to assess die phase state of mixed biopolymer systems than the traditional centrifugation or viscometric methods (Alves et al., 1999, 2001 Vega et al., 2005). Indeed, microscopy can demonstrate that a system may be already phase-separated at compositions well below the apparent binodal line (as determined by these other methods). The report of Alves et al. (2001) demonstrates the relationship between specific compositional points in the phase diagram (Figure 7.1) and the observed microstructure (Figures 7.2 and 7.3) for water + gelatin + locust bean gum (LBG). The white areas in Figures 7.2 and 7.3 corre-... 

---