Inflammation development

In addition to other models [153], tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis can be obtained by ureter obstruction. The inflammation develops very rapidly and is severe. The model is a good reflection of ureter obstruction in humans. However, a serious drawback in using this model for tubular drug delivery studies is the fact that glomerular filtration is absent. 

The most common oral condition and dental emergency is dental caries, which is a destructive disease of the hard tissues of the teeth due to bacterial infection with Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria. It is characterized by destruction of enamel and dentine. Dental decay presents as opaque white areas of enamel with grey undertones and in more advanced cases, brownish discoloured cavitations. Dental caries is initially asymptomatic and pain does not occur until the decay impinges on the pulp, and an inflammation develops. Treatment of caries involves removal of the softened and infected hard tissues, sealing of exposed dentines and restoration of the lost tooth structure with porcelain, silver, amalgam, composite plastic, gold etc. 

Clinical Score Swelling and inflammation develop differently in the paws of... 

Uttley and Van Abbey (1973) mouse ear test - undiluted shampoos were applied to one ear daily for 4 days. The degree of inflammation was quantified visually as vessel dilation, erythema and edema. A reference material was tested on another group of mice and the two were compared. The use of anesthetic may be a confounding factor in this assay as it may alter inflammation development. 

Does carnosine receptor exist All effects of carnosine mentioned above are performed with no participation of specific receptor proteins. In some cases, however, specific receptors can be involved. In brain tissue carnosine is released together with glutamate in response to electric stimulation [11]. It can modulate the affinity of glutamate receptors to the neuromediator controlling concentration of fi ee zinc ions [69]. Modulation of Hi and H2 histamine receptors in heart (the former stimulate and the latter prevent mobilization of carnosine into histamine, thus regulating inflammation development) by carnosine is apparently carried out with participation of zinc ions [70]. Similar interrelations were found between carnosine and histamine receptors in blood vessel muscles responsible for the tone of blood vessels [15] this is closely related to hypotensive response appeared after intravenous administration of carnosine noted as early as in 1936 [71]. 

Almost all antibacterial agents have been observed to cause diarrhea in a variable proportion of patients (114,115). The proportion depends not only on the antibiotic, but also on the clinical setting (in-patient/out-patient), age, race, and the definition of diarrhea. Severe colonic inflammation develops in a variable proportion of cases, and in some cases pseudomembranous colitis occurs (116-121). Since 1977, much evidence has accumulated that the most important causative agent in antibiotic-associated diarrhea is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, toxin-producing bacterium, C. difficile (122-124). 

A. Margalit, K.L. Duflin, P.C. Isakson, Rapid quantitation of a large scope of eicosanoids in two models of inflammation development of an ESI-AIS—AIS method and application to biological studies. Anal. Biochem., 235 (1996) 73. 

Aerosolized exposure, studied in monkeys, causes acute bronchiolitis within 24-48 h, depending on the size of the particles. After 72 h, inflammation develops in peribronchial tissues and the alveolar septa. Animals exposed to the smaller aerosolized particles developed bronchopneumonia characterized by tracheobronchial lymph node enlargement and 0.2-0.5cm. inflammatory lesions throughout the... 

DNA alkylation may not completely account for sulfur mustard s toxicity, however. Sulfur mustard may also affect intracellular enzymes and the structural components of cell membranes, causing dissolution of intracellular attachments and a cleft in the basal epidermal layer. In turn, inflammation develops, followed by edema and blisters (3). Although nitrogen mustard is less potent than sulfur, its mechanism of action is similar. 

Biologic function Gastrointestinal mucosal integrity, platelet aggregation renal function other Inflammation, development, renal function, reproduction, bone metabolism, other... 

Yang Y, Loy J, Ryseck RP, Carrasco D, Bravo R. Anhgen-induced eosinophilic lung inflammation develops in mice deficient in chemokine eotaxin. Blood 1998 92 3912-3923. 

Helminths may not inhibit or modulate all types of inflanunation. Mice with oxazalone colitis, another model of intestinal inflammation, develop worse disease if colonized with the tape worm Hymenolepis diminuta. Yet, exposure to this helminth protects fi om TNBS-like colitis and improves some aspects of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. Similarly, mice with mixed-sex S. mansoni infections are more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis relative to uninfected mice, while schistosome male worm-only infections are refraaory to DSS colitis. ... 

In five cases in a retrospective series severe intraocular inflammation developed... 

Korsgren M, et al. Allergic eosinophil-rich inflammation develops in lungs and airways of B cell-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1997 185(5) 885-892. 

---