SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Acclaim Trinity counterions Achiral counterions Acid-base reactions counterions Active pharmaceutical counterions analysis Activity coefficient of counterions Activity of the counterion Adsorbed Counterions and Lateral Diffusion (mHz—kHz Range) Agents, polymeric counterion Aldol reactions counterion effects Alkali metal counterion Alkaline-earth Counterions Alkylammonium ions, counterion Amino acid-derived counterions Amphiphilic counterions Analysis of counterions And counterions Anionic polymerization mechanism counterion effect Anions dopant counterion Association of counterion Attraction between polyions counterion-mediated Average counterion concentration Balancing counterion Bidentate counterions Bjerrum length, polyelectrolyte-counterion Bjerrum length, polyelectrolyte-counterion interactions Bonded counterions Calcium counterions Cation counterions Cation-Radical Salt counterions, structure Cationic chain polymerization counterion effects Cationic polymerization combination with counterion Cations as counterions Chain conformation, polyelectrolyte-counterion Chain conformation, polyelectrolyte-counterion interactions Chemistry counterions Chiral counterion Chiral counterion catalysis Chiral counterions Chloride counterion Chloride counterions Combination with Counterion Complex ions counterions Concentration of counterions Conduction mechanisms Counterions Continuous models counterion condensation Counterion Analysis Counterion Manning Counterion Permselectivity Counterion Worm Counterion accumulation Counterion activity, additivity Counterion adsorption Counterion alkyl-substituted Counterion anion Counterion association Counterion binding Counterion binding degree Counterion binding dependence Counterion binding estimate Counterion binding mixed micelles Counterion binding with ionic micelles Counterion cesium Counterion concentration Counterion condensation Counterion condensation Manning Counterion condensation determination Counterion condensation during copolymeric polyelectrolyte Counterion condensation effects Counterion condensation inverted forces Counterion condensation partition functions Counterion condensation site-bound counterions Counterion condensation synthesis Counterion condensation theory Counterion condensation threshold Counterion condensation, nucleic acids Counterion condensation, nucleic acids Manning model Counterion condensation-electrostatic Counterion condensation-electrostatic interaction theory Counterion coordination Counterion correlation Counterion definition Counterion deviation from ideality Counterion dissociation equilibrium Counterion distribution Counterion distribution between charged plates Counterion distribution functions Counterion distribution monitoring Counterion divalent Counterion dynamics, intramolecular Counterion effects Counterion exchange Counterion exchange kinetics Counterion fluctuation Counterion hydrogen-bonding nature Counterion hydrophilicity Counterion ionomer, effect Counterion lithium Counterion metal Counterion molecular model Counterion monovalent Counterion multivalent Counterion neutralization, hydrogen bonds Counterion partition coefficient Counterion polarization Counterion polarization models Counterion quaternary Counterion quaternary phosphonium Counterion relaxations Counterion sensitivity Counterion site binding Counterion sodium Counterion solvation Counterion stability Counterion translocation Counterion transport, direction Counterion, reaction with Counterion-exchange reaction Counterion-induced processability Counterion-induced solubilization Counterion-mediated attraction Counterion-only Counterion-polyelectrolyte interactions Counterion/cation effect Counterions Counterions Counterions Cumulative Counterions Subject Counterions Terms Links Counterions activity coefficient Counterions adsorbability Counterions adsorbed Counterions adsorption Counterions and Solvents in Substitution Counterions and polymers Counterions and solvents Counterions binding to micelle Counterions bridging Counterions bulky Counterions chemical properties Counterions clays Counterions cloud Counterions condensation Counterions conductivity Counterions conductometric titration Counterions definition Counterions distribution Counterions distribution around spheres Counterions each type opens up new applications Counterions effect Counterions electropolymerization Counterions escape Counterions fluxes Counterions fraction bound Counterions free fraction Counterions in Chemically Polymerized PEDOT Counterions in Electrochemically Polymerized PEDOT Counterions localization Counterions mixture Counterions mobility Counterions multivalent salt Counterions nature Counterions nuclear relaxation Counterions paramagnetic Counterions polythiophene properties Counterions protein aggregation Counterions proton transfer Counterions reactions Counterions reactions involving Counterions structure Counterions suitable for salt formation Counterions surface Counterions tetrabutylammonium Counterions tetraethylammonium Counterions trivalent Counterions unbound Counterions valence Counterions valency Counterions, condensed Counterions, defined Counterions, divalent Counterions, free Counterions, influence Counterions, monovalent Counterions, polyelectrolyte dynamics Counterions, polyelectrolyte solutions Counterions, polymeric Counterions, tetrahydrofuran Counterions, tetrahydrofuran polymerization Critical micelle concentration counterion Crown ether counterions Cryptate counterions DLVO counterion distribution Debye counterion atmosphere Degree of counterion binding Designed Copolymers in the Presence of Monovalent Counterions Dielectric effect, counterion specificity Diffusion counterion Dopant counterion Dopant counterion effect Dopants counterion Doping compensating counterions Effect of Added Counterions on Strong Cationic Brushes Effect of Counterion Valency Effect of Counterions. Anion Control Effect of Excess Counterion Effect of Multivalent Counterions Effect of Solvent and Counterion Effect of counterion Effect of counterion on the Effect of counterions Effect of valence and size on counterion binding Effects of Added NaCl (Counterion) Electrostatic interactions counterion distribution Enolates metal counterion, effect on reactivity Entropy of counterions Equilibrium constants counterions Explicit counterion simulations Fluorinated counterions Free energy, nucleic acids, counterion Free fractions of counterions Free ions, polyelectrolyte-counterion Free ions, polyelectrolyte-counterion interactions Gouy-Chapman theory counterion concentration Impregnation counterion Inverted forces in counterion condensation theory Ionic oligomers, counterion condensation Ionization equilibrium, counterion effect Irreversible recombination with counterion Ivanov reaction effect of counterion Kinetics electron transfer, counterion effects Kinetics of Solubilizates and Counterions Larger counterion Linear charge density, polyelectrolyte-counterion Linear charge density, polyelectrolyte-counterion interactions Macroion-counterion interaction Manning model, counterion condensation Manning’s counterion condensation theory Mechanical stability counterion effects Membrane counterion permselectivity Membranes counterions Metal counterions Micelles counterion binding Micelles counterions Micelles reactive counterion Mobile counterion distribution Mobility of counterions Multivalent counterion effects Native counterion Nucleophile counterion Nucleophiles counterions Pair potentials counterion-polyion Pectin interactions with counterions Pentane, 1-iodoreaction with 2-methyl-2-propylpentanoate effect of counterion on rate Persistence length, polyelectrolyte-counterion Pharmaceutical counterions Pharmaceutical salts preparation, counterions Phase transition temperatures gels, counterions Poisson-Boltzmann equation polyelectrolyte-counterion interactions Poisson-Boltzmann equation, counterion Poly counterion distribution Polyelectrolyte counterions Polyelectrolytes counterion binding Polyelectrolytes counterion condensation Polyelectrolytes counterion interactions, solution-based Polyelectrolytes, association with counterions Polyelectrolytes, nucleic acids, counterion Polyelectrolytes, nucleic acids, counterion condensation Polyion counterion pairing Polysaccharide counterion interaction Polysaccharides counterions binding Potassium counterion Preferential interaction coefficient, counterion Proton counterion-facilitated Rate constants counterion Redox counterions Relaxation counterion displacements Replacement of counterions in ionic complexes Salt formation counterions SbF6 counterion Schiff base counterion distance Separator column counterions Site-bound ions, polyelectrolyte-counterion Sodium dodecyl sulfate counterions Solubility counterion effects Stem layer, counterions Surface counterion concentration Surfactants counterions Switching mechanism, counterions Tetraalkylammonium and Other Bulky Counterions for Anionic Polymerization Tetraalkylammonium counterions Tetrafluoroborate counterion Tetrahymena ribozyme, counterion Tetrahymena ribozyme, counterion condensation The Counterion Distribution between Charged Plates in Solution The Dopant Counterion The Effect of Counterions The distribution of counterions The statistical thermodynamic counterion-condensation theory of Manning Theory, condensed counterion Triflate counterions Trivalent counterion Type and Concentration of Lipophilic Counterions in the Mobile Phase Type of counterion Water counterion binding Weakly coordinating counterions Wetting counterions