Micelles charge

The quantity, Constant2, was found to be related to the degree of micelle charge. Its magnitude varied from 0.6 to 0.7, which means that micelles have a 30% charge. 

Fig. 7. A plausible mechanism of tuning the activity of reduced glucose oxidase by micelle charge toward solubilized re-alkylferricenium cations.

Blankschtein et al. have concluded that micelle size is a major factor in surfactant induced irritation.37 As the micelle size increases, penetration of the surfactant into deeper layers decreases and therefore increasing the micelle size is an approach to enhancing mildness. In principle, factors that reduce the micelle charge will increase the micelle size and therefore have the potential to reduce swelling and penetration under cleansing conditions. Note, however, that the inherent tendency of the molecule to cause an irritation response may be related to the charge density of the molecule rather than the micelle size. 

FIGURE 31.9 Correlation of surfactant micellar zeta potential and micelle charge density with zein dissolution showing that protein denaturation potential scales linearly with the micellar charge/potential. 

MECC Partitioning into detergent micelles, charge Terabe et al.5... 

Lee, A. S. Buetuen, V. Vamvakaki, M. Armes, S. R Pople, J. A. Cast, A. P. Structure of pH-dependent block copolymer micelles Charge and ionic strength dependence. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 8540-8551. 

By increasing the electrolyte concentration, the electric double layer is compressed and the compensation ions are situated tightly above the charging layer. In the case of a low electrolyte concentration, or in the absence of ions of a low valency, the thickness of the compensation layer increases, the compensation ions dissociate and they are separate from the charging layer by diffusion. This results in the formation of a micelle charge and increase of the value of the electrokinetic potential. The electrokinetic po-... 

When micelles (charged aggregate of molecules or particles) are formed with other species in the processing fluid, or when we deal with slurries, electrophoresis may become significant. Diffusion is an important transport mechanism, but it is a very slow process, so it is estimated to only have a minor influence on contaminant transport during electrochemical remediation. 

The assumptions implied in this treatment are (a) that the system is mono-disperse, (b) that an abrupt change in the system occurs at the CMC, and (c) that there is a constant concentration of the monomer above the CMC. More refined calculation should take into account the micelle charge, counterion activity, and electrical free energy at the micelle surface (163). With these limitations in mind one can examine the values of JF , and TAS ... 

Ionic solutions are liquids consisting of a solvent formed from neutral, polar molecules, and a solute that dissociates into positive and negative ions. They vary widely in complexity in the classic electrolyte solutions, the cations and anions are of comparable size and absolute charge, whereas macromolecular ionic solutions contain both macroins (charged polymer chains or coils, micelles, charged colloidal particles etc.) and microscopic counterions [28]. We will discuss only the classic ionic solutions. 

The exponent b depends also on the polyelectrolyte linear charge density p and on the polyelectrolyte stiffness [130], which make it a nonuniversal characteristic for the used polyelectrolytes. Typically, polyelectrolytes with smaller p reveal a stronger dependence of <7 on The polyelectrolyte-sphere binding affinity was shown to decrease with the polymer persistence length and to increase with the polyelectrolyte linear charge density. Note that for complexation of polyelectrolytes of different p with the spherical dimethyl dodecylamine oxide (DMDAO) micelles, a modified dependence on the critical micelle charge density has been suggested, namely cT(. [128]. 

Figure 16 Schematic illustration of micelle charging mechanism, a) Preferential ion adsorption b) weak-elcctrolytc-likc ionization c) collision between micelles.

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