Counterions each type opens up new applications

The quality of the polymers is greatly influenced by many factors, e.g. impurities, electrode material, pressure, concentrations, temperatures and comono- 

The properties of the counterion (e.g. its size, geometry and charge) influence the properties of the polymer, the amount of counterion (anion) incorporated depends on the reaction conditions. In general, one anion is incorporated for every diree pyrrole units. Exceptions are pyrrole-and thiophene-sulfonic acids, where the counterion is coupled directly to the monomer (self-doping) [24]. Some typical conducting anions are fluoroborate, perchlorate, aromatic sulfonic 

The conductive salt (X ) used in the electrochemical synthesis is contained in the polypyrrole film as a dischargeable counterion. Interesting conductive salts that affect optical activity in polypyrrole are (-f) or (—)-camphor sulfonic acid (used for racemate separations), heparin, and other drugs such as monobactam. 

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