Water counterion binding

Rationalization of the packing of the AA headgroups at the water-air interface is, unfortunately, less than straightforward [97]. The absence of information concerning the extent of headgroup ionization (at a bulk pH of 5.5), counterion binding and the degree of hydration hinders the interpretation of... 

The self-diffusion of the individual components is strongly affected by the formation of micelles in the solution. This applies to the surfactant, the counterion, the water, and to solubilized molecules. As illustrated in Fig. 2.11 for sodium dodecyl sulfate, surfactant and counterion diffusion are very weakly dependent on concentration below the CMC while a marked decrease in the micellar region is observed for the surfactant and a less marked one for the counterion37. Water diffusion shows a stronger concentration dependence below the CMC than above it. Self-diffusion studies using radioactive tracers have been performed to obtain information on CMC, on counterion binding, on hydration and on intermicellar interactions and shape changes. 

For the hypothetical protein described above, it follows that at equal extents of proton binding to a protein in water and in the solvent S, and at equal values of k in the two solvents, F,)s/(Fe)aio should vary with D in a manner similar to the function olD q/D shown in Fig. 2. The large net charge on the protein should act to enhance counterion binding over that by a univalent ion at any particular value of D, and hence the maximum in (Fe)s/iFe)BiO may shift to considerably larger D values, but otherwise the dependence on D should be much the same as in Fig. 2. If... 

Surfactants play a crucial role in emulsification and emulsion stability. A first step in any quantitative study on emulsions should be to determine the equilibrium and dynamic properties of the oil-water interface, such as interfacial tension, Gibbs elasticity, sinfactant adsorption, counterion binding, siuface electric potential, adsorption relaxation time, etc. Useful theoretical concepts and expressions, which are applicable to ionic, nonionic, and micellar surfac-... 

For liquid crystals [319 326] and reversed micellar solutions [319j324j325] it seems also appropriate to analyse the data in terms of a two-site model. The study of counterion binding in the hexagonal and lamellar mesophases of the three-component system cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide - hexanol - water [319 321 326] revealed for the lamellar phase a partial release of counterions from the lamellae with increasing hexanol concentration. Studies of solutions containing reversed micelles are exemplified in Fig. 5.10 for the hexanol-rich... 

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