Corticosteroids anti-inflammatory

Fluocinolone is a potent corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent. 

Corticosteroids Anti-inflammatory potency Sodium-retaining potency... 

Corticosteroid - anti-inflammatory dmg chronic inflammatory disease Cortisol - anti-inflammatory corticosteroid... 

BRN 4340538 Oanitin Ecural Elocon Elocone Flumeta Mometasone furoate Nasonex Nosorex Rimelon Sch 32088. Topical corticosteroid. Anti-inflammatory. Crystals mp = 218-220° [a 2 = + 58.3° (in dioxane) Xm = 247 nm (s 26300 in MeOH). Schering-Plough Healthcare Products. 

Decreases the production of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the blood by causing atrophy of the thymus gland blocks the release of cytokines, resulting in a decreased performance of T and B monocytes in the immune response. (This action, coupled with the anti-inflammatory action, makes the corticosteroids useful in delaying organ rejection in patients with transplants.)... 

These drugp possess anti-inflammatory activity and are used for inflammatory conditions, such as allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, and inflammation of the iris. Corticosteroids also may be used after injury to the cornea or after corneal transplants to prevent rejection. 

Corticosteroids are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents available for the treatment of asthma. The efficacy of corticosteroids is due to their ability to affect multiple inflammatory pathways, resulting in the suppression of inflammatory cell activation and function, prevention of microvascular leakage, decreased mucus production, and upregulation of P2-adrenergic receptors.10,18 Clinically, corticosteroids decrease airway inflammation, decrease AHR, decrease mucus production and secretion, and improve the response to P2-agonists.18 Corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma are available in inhaled, oral, and injectable dosage forms. 

Cromolyn and nedocromil are inhaled anti-inflammatory agents that block both the early- and late-phase response. Both agents are considered alternative therapies to inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of mild persistent asthma however, both are less effective than low doses of inhaled corticosteroids.2,30 The exact mechanism of action of these agents is not understood, but they appear to inhibit mast cell mediator release as well as modulate other inflammatory responses.3... 

Theophylline is also considered an alternative to inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of mild persistent asthma however, limited efficacy compared to inhaled corticosteroids, a narrow therapeutic index with life-threatening toxicity, and multiple clinically important drug interactions have severely limited its use. Theophylline causes bronchodilation through inhibition of phosphodiesterase and antagonism of adenosine and appears to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties as well.36... 

Patients with a good response to therapy should consider intensification of anti-inflammatory therapy.1 Although guidelines recommend doubling the previous inhaled corticosteroid dose, this may not be necessary for mild exacerba-tions.3,41,42 Treatment selection should be individualized based on what has worked for the patient previously. 

Corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory properties and are used in active IBD to rapidly suppress inflammation. Corticosteroids have favorable effects in modulating several cell types involved in the inflammatory process.20,21 They may be administered systemically or delivered locally to the site of action by altering the drug formulation (Table 16-2). Because these drugs usually improve symptoms and disease severity rapidly, they should be restricted to short-term management of active disease. Long-term use of systemic corticosteroids is... 

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, or corticosteroids are used for acute attacks. Selection depends on several patient factors, especially renal function. 

The anti-inflammatory actions of intranasal corticosteroids make them highly effective agents for allergic rhinitis treatment, especially as first-line treatment for patients presenting with persistent or moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. 

Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective anti-inflammatory agents used in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. Although fewer studies have been conducted in children, results demonstrate that intranasal corticosteroids are effective and well tolerated, with an adverse-effect profile similar to placebo. Mometasone is indicated for children as young as 2 years of age, fluticasone is indicated for children 4 years of age and older, and beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, and triamcinolone are indicated for children 6 years and older.15 Because concerns regarding effect of intranasal steroids on growth exist, the growth of pediatric patients prescribed intranasal steroids should be monitored routinely via stadiometry. 

Anti-inflammatory agents may be used in conjunction with artificial tears. The only approved agent is cyclosporine emulsion. Administered topically, it is thought to act as a partial immuno-modulator suppressing ocular inflammation, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Cyclosporine emulsion increases tear production in some patients. Fifteen minutes should elapse after instillation of cyclosporine before artificial tears are instilled.31 Use of topical corticosteroids for short periods (e.g., 2 weeks) may suppress inflammation and ocular irritation symptoms. No topical corticosteroid is approved for this indication, however.30... 

Corticosteroids (e.g., beclomethazone, flunisolide, triamcinolone) have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions. These drugs are used prophylactically to prevent the occurrence of asthma in patients with frequent attacks. Because they are not useful during an acute attack, corticosteroids are prescribed along with maintenance bronchodilators. These drugs are also administered by inhalation. Cromolyn is another anti-inflammatory agent used prophylactically to prevent an asthmatic attack. The exact mechanism of action of cromolyn is not fully understood however, it is likely to involve the stabilization of mast cells. This prevents the release of the inflammatory mast cell mediators involved in inducing an asthmatic attack. Cromolyn has proven effective in patients with exercise-induced asthma. 

Corticosteroids synthesized by the adrenal gland are mineralocorticoids and GC. Min-eralocorticoids regulate fluid and electrolyte balance by affecting ion transport in the kidney. Cortisol, the primary circulating GC in most species (including humans), has many activities, including resistance to stress, regulation of intermediary metabolism, and immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. GC synthesis and secretion is... 

Corticosteroids Cortisone Cortisol Dexamethasone Betamethasone Deoxymethasone Prednisone Prednisolone Flumethasone Growth promoter Anti-inflammatory... 

Topical corticosteroids produce anti-inflammatory, anti-itching, and vasoconstricting effects. A wide variety is available (described in detail in Drug Information 2004 and other references and compendia). Such steroids are classified into five categories that reflect a... 

One class of agents which inhibits LT production in stimulated cell systems, but probably not by direct 5-LO inhibition, is the anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, represented by dexamethasone (10) [30-34]. The well-known inhibition of PG production seen with eorticosteroids is not due to direct CO inhibition, but has been attributed to the inhibition of arachidon-ic acid mobilization by phospholipase A2, caused by enhanced biosynthesis of one or more proteins called lipocortins [35] (although this hypothesis is now being seriously questioned [36]). More recent evidence indicates the possibility of down-regulation of CO enzyme levels [37-39] similar mechanisms involving altered gene regulation could be involved in the observed effects on LT production as well. 

Management of an acute attack of gout involves the use of high doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). Colchicine is useful in patients with heart failure where the use of NSAIDs is contraindicated because of water retention. Allopurinol and other uricosuric agents are not indicated for acute attacks as they may aggravate the condition. The use of an intra-articular corticosteroid injection in gout is unlicensed. 

Beclometasone is a corticosteroid. Corticosteroids are used as prophylaxis in patients with asthma and therefore have no use in an acute attack. Bronchodilators acting as relievers are indicated for an acute attack. In asthma, patients are advised first to administer the bronchodilator, which acts very fast and then apply the corticosteroid, which has anti-inflammatory properties. 

Corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal glands, and display two main types of biological activity. Glucocorticoids are concerned with the synthesis of carbohydrate from protein and the deposition of glycogen in the liver. They also play an important role in inflammatory processes. Mineralocorticoids are concerned with the control of electrolyte balance, promoting the retention of Na+ and CC, and the excretion of K+. Synthetic and semi-synthetic corticosteroid drugs are widely used in medicine. Glncocorticoids are primarily nsed for their antirhenmatic and anti-inflammatory activities, and mineralocorticoids are nsed to maintain electrolyte balance where there is adrenal insufficiency. 

Corticosteroids are not bronchodilators, and it is reasonable to think that their action is simply relayted to the anti-inflammatory immunodepressive effect of corticosteroids, which is quite positively manifested in the course of relieving bronchial asthma. 

Corticosteroids do not heal illnesses, but they are widely used in various conditions when it is necessary to utilize their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant, and mineralo-corticoid properties. In addition, they are used in replacement therapy for patients who have adrenal insufficiency. Corticosteroids can be used in vital situations for asthma, severe allergic reactions, and transplant rejections. They are effective in noninfectious granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis, collagen vascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and leukemia. Steroids are used as lotions, ointments, etc. in treating a number of dermatological and ophthalmologic diseases. 

Dexamethasone is used for the same indications as all corticosteroids however, it exhibits a significantly more powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action. 

Drugs that may affect nateglinide include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, rifamycins, MAOIs, and nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agents, thiazides, corticosteroids, thyroid products, and sympathomimetics. 

Concomitant therapy-Can be used concomitantly with short-acting 2-agonists, inhaled or systemic corticosteroids, and theophylline therapy. A satisfactory clinical response to formoterol does not eliminate the need for continued treatment with an anti-inflammatory. 

Metabolites (Activity) beclomethasone 17-mono-propionate (active), free beclome-thasone (very weak anti-inflammatory effects) 16 -hydroxy-prednisolone and 6 -hydroxy-budesonide (< 1 % of parent) 67-OH (low corticosteroid potency) ... 

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