Corticosteroids cortisone

Corticosteroids Cortisone Cortisol Dexamethasone Betamethasone Deoxymethasone Prednisone Prednisolone Flumethasone Growth promoter Anti-inflammatory... 

System (2) has been described for the assay of corticosteroids (cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, and prednisolone) in urine [141]. Prior to introduction into the GC system, the sample was eluted with 2 1 ethyl acetate-methanol, the extracts evaporated to dryness, and then oxidized with sodium bismuthate. Used in the method was a silanized column (132 cm X 5 mm) containing 2,2-dimethylpropane-l,3-diol adipate (0.65%) supported on celite, and operated at 230°C. The carrier gas was argon, and the detector used strontium 90-ionization. The standard deviation was 3.5 % (based on 47 determinations). 

POTASSIUM CORTICOSTEROIDS Risk of hypokalaemia Most corticosteroids (cortisone, prednisone) t loss of potassium Be aware and monitor serum potassium levels, particularly in patients on long-term therapy with steroids... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with amiodarone, amprenavir, anisindione, antacids, anticoagulants, aprepitant, atazanavir, atovaquone, beclomethasone, buprenorphine, corticosteroids, cortisone, cyclosporine, cyproterone, dabigatran, dapsone, darunavir, delavirdine, dexamethasone, dicumarol, digoxin, eszopiclone, flunisolide, fosamprenavir, gadoxetate, gestrinone, halothane, imatinib, isoniazid, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lapatinib, lorcainide, methylprednisolone, midazolam, nelfinavir, nifedipine, oral contraceptives, phenylbutazone, prednisone, protease inhibitors, pyrazinamide, ramelteon, ritonavir, saquinavir, solifenacin, sunitinib, tacrolimus, telithromycin, temsirolimus, tipranavir, tolvaptan, trabectedin, triamcinolone, triazolam, voriconazole, warfarin, zaleplon... 

Corticosteroids (cortisone) Possible increased corticosteroid toxicity Clinical significance not established... 

The outer layer or cortex of the adrenal gland is the source of a large group of sub stances known as corticosteroids Like the bile acids they are derived from cholesterol by oxidation with cleavage of a portion of the alkyl substituent on the D ring Cortisol IS the most abundant of the corticosteroids but cortisone is probably the best known Cortisone is commonly prescribed as an antiinflammatory drug especially m the treat ment of rheumatoid arthritis... 

Efforts toward producing synthetic steroids, particularly cortisol, expanded during World War II to enable researchers to explore the possibiUty of medicinal appHcations of corticosteroids. In 1948, the discovery that cortisone dramatically alleviates the symptoms of arthritis led to intensive research on the antiinflammatory properties of corticosteroids. The development of partial and total syntheses for the commercial preparation of cortisone, alternative methods for producing cortisone, and the search for more potent antiinflammatory analogues gready stimulated both academic and industrial steroid research. 

Pregniines. In 1944, Sarrett completed the first partial synthesis of cortisone (172). Like many of the early syntheses of corticosteroids, Sarrett began with the a bile acid, deoxychoHc acid (14). Because bile acids are isolated from animal sources, their supply is by necessity limited (173). Following these early syntheses, several improvements and innovations have resulted in a number of industrial syntheses of cortisol and other corticosteroids. 

Corticosteroids are the most efficacious treatment available for the long-term treatment of asthma, and inhaled corticosteroids are considered to be a first-line therapy for asthma (247). In the early 1950s, cortisone (31) and cortisol (29) were used to treat asthma. However, dmgs with fewer side effects and with... 

Detection and result The chromatogram was freed from mobile phase and evenly sprayed with reagent solution. After a short time at room temperature violet-colored chromatogram zones appeared for the corticosteroids tetrahydrocortisol hRf 10-15), tetrahydrocortisone (hR( 15 — 20), prednisolone hRf 15-20), hydrocortisone (hR( 20 — 25), prednisone hRf 30 — 35), cortisone hRf 35 — 40), corticosterone hRf 45 — 50), cortexolone (Reichstein S., hRf 50 — 55), 11-dehydro-corticosterone hRf 60 — 65), 11-desoxycorticosterone hRf 75 — 80). 

Fig. 1 Separation of the corticosteroids. (A) Detection in UV light (A = 254 nm, (B) staining with blue tetrazolium. Tetrahydrocortisol (1), tetrahydrocortisone (2), prednisolone (3), hydrocortisone (4), prednisone (5), cortisone (6), corticosterone (7), cortexolone (8), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (9), 11-desoxycorticosterone (10), mixture (Mi),...

A mixture of six corticosteroids, namely deoxycortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, cortisone, prednisone, hydrocortisone and prednisolone can be assayed by HPLC method. The chromatogrpahic parameters for the assay are as follows ... 

Hydrocortisone is available orally. Other corticosteroids also available orally include prednisolone, betamethasone, cortisone acetate, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone and fluocortolone. 

As soon as corticosteroids, such as cortisone, were used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (glucocorticoid activity), important undesirable side effects appeared (sodium retention). In view of lowering the sodium retention, while increasing the anti-inflammatory activity. Fried performed various chemical modifications. Thus, he could observe that introducing a fluorine atom at the 9a position of the hydrocortisone acetate highly enhanced (11 times) the glucocorticoid activity, while the undesired sodium retention was lowered [130]. 

Cortisone is a natural corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex along with many steroidal hormones. It has mainly glucocorticoidal activity and some degree of mineralo-corticoid activity. 

Fast-atom-bombardment (FAB)-Mass spectrometry has been used for the pharmaceutical analysis of corticosteroids [182]. The FAB-mass spectra of 24 corticosteroids (such as cortisone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, and betamethasone) in were recorded in glycerol and/or thioglyeerol. The... 

This reaction was applied (with various modifications) to the estimation of corticosteroids in pharmaceutical preparations [78, 79], and also for the estimation of hydrocortisone and cortisone in admixtures of the two [80]. 

Esters of corticosteroids can also be determined. Studies with cortisone acetate showed that hydrolysis of the ester is a prerequisite to the reaction with a tetrazolium salt [83],... 

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