Theophylline causing

Concurrent use of the fluoroquinolones with theophylline causes an increase in serum theophylline levels. When used concurrently with cimetidine, the cimetidine may interfere with the elimination of the fluoroquinolones. Use of the fluoroquinolones with an oral anticoagulant may cause an increase in the effects of the oral coagulant. Administration of the fluoroquinolones with antacids, iron salts, or zinc will decrease absorption of the fluoroquinolones. There is a risk of seizures if fluoroquinolones are given with the NSAIDs. There is a risk of severe cardiac arrhythmias when the fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin are administered with drains that increase the QT interval (eg, quini-dine, procainamide, amiodarone, and sotalol). 

Theophylline is also considered an alternative to inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of mild persistent asthma however, limited efficacy compared to inhaled corticosteroids, a narrow therapeutic index with life-threatening toxicity, and multiple clinically important drug interactions have severely limited its use. Theophylline causes bronchodilation through inhibition of phosphodiesterase and antagonism of adenosine and appears to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties as well.36... 

Theophylline causes relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle. 

The changes in the half-life and clearance of theophylline caused by omeprazole were found to be small and clinically unimportant in two studies. No changes in the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline were found in other studies. However, one study found that omeprazole produced an 11% increase in the clearance of theophylline in poor metabolisers of omeprazole (i.e. those with low levels of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2C19 and therefore higher levels of omeprazole), but this seems unlikely to be clinically significant. 

AH three of these materials are apparentiy central nervous system (CNS) stimulants. It is beheved that for most individuals caffeine causes greater stimulation than does theophylline. Theobromine apparentiy causes the least stimulation. There is some evidence that caffeine acts on the cortex and reduces drowsiness and fatigue, although habituation can reduce these effects. 

Additive sympathomimetic effects may develop when decongestants are administered with other sympathomimetic drug s (see Chap. 22). Use of the nasal decongestants with the MAOIs may cause hypertensive crisis. Use of a decongestant with beta-adrenergic blocking dragp may cause hypertension or bradycardia. When ephedrine is administered with theophylline, the patient is at increased risk for theophylline toxicity. 

The therapeutic range of theophylline blood levels is 10 to 20 p,g/mL. Levels greater than 20 pig/mL may cause toxicity. In some patients, toxicity may occur with levels between 15 and 20 pg/mL. Toxicity is more likely to occur in patients requiring high doses or during prolonged dierapy. 

Klamath weed, goatweed, rosin rose) perforatum antiviral cause dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, other Gl symptoms, photosensitivity theophylline, warfarin, and digoxin use with other prescriptions is not recommended. 

Isolated seizures that are not epilepsy can be caused by stroke, central nervous system trauma, central nervous system infections, metabolic disturbances (e.g., hyponatremia and hypoglycemia), and hypoxia. If these underlying causes of seizures are not corrected, they may lead to the development of recurrent seizures I or epilepsy. Medications can also cause seizures. Some drugs that are commonly associated with seizures include tramadol, bupropion, theophylline, some antidepressants, some antipsy-chotics, amphetamines, cocaine, imipenem, lithium, excessive doses of penicillins or cephalosporins, and sympathomimetics or stimulants. 

Theophylline levels in tea are less than 0.04% on a dry-weight leaf basis. Little is known about the causes of variation in experimental reports, and may be attributed to experimental error or degradation of caffeine as a result of experimental procedure. One report did not detect theophylline in a variety of commercially available tea extractions.32... 

L Hendeles, M Weinberger, G Milavetz, M Hill III, L Vaughan. Food-induced dose-dumping from a once-a-day theophylline product as a cause of theophylline toxicity. Chest 87 758-765, 1985. 

The quinolones have been found to cause erosion of cartilage in the joints of immature animals [56]. This observation, which has been seen in several studies, has resulted in the contraindication of quinolones for the treatment of children. A study analyzing the risk-benefit situation for the use of pefloxacin in children (clinically, several adverse athralgic effects have been attributed to this agent) has appeared [57]. The underlying mechanism responsible for these effects has yet to be established, and the development of an agent which is safe for paediatric use would be a major advance in quinolone therapy. Some of the quinolones, such as enoxacin, have been shown to interfere with theophylline metabolism [58], and side-effects associated with this agent may be related to this property. 

Theophylline. Is a smooth muscle relaxant, diuretic, and a myocardial stimulant (not psychoactive stimulant). It is undesirable because it may cause nausea and dizziness and should therefore be removed. 

CNS stimulants can be classified as Psychomotor stimulants compounds that display a stimulatory effect primarily on brain functions and which activate mental and physical activity of the organism. They are made up of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, pentoxifyllin), amphetamines (dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine), and also methylphenidate and pemoline. Respiratory stimulants or analeptics compounds, which cause certain activations of mental and physical activity of the organism, and primarily excite the vasomotor and respiratory centers of the medulla (doxapram, almitrine).Drwgi that suppress appetite or anorectics drags that activate mental and physical activity of the organism, but primarily accentuate the excitatory center of satiation in the hypothalamus (phentermine, diethylpropion).In order to increase mental capability, nootropics — drugs that increase the functional state of the brain — are sometimes used, the effect of which is associated with blood flow and metabolism of the brain. 

On the other hand, theophylline inhibits reverse uptake catecholamine uptake, which can elevate the level of cychc adenosine monophosphate, thus causing a broncholytic effect. Finally, theophylline is an adenosine receptor blocker, and this may be responsible for its broncholytic effect. 

Drugs that may affect amiodarone include hydantoins, cholestyramine, fluoroquinolones, rifamycins, ritonavir, and cimetidine. Drugs that may be affected by amiodarone include anticoagulants, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine, dextromethorphan, digoxin, disopyramide, fentanyl, flecainide, hydantoins, lidocaine, methotrexate, procainamide, quinidine, and theophylline. Drug/Lab test interactions Amiodarone alters the results of thyroid function tests, causing an increase in serum T4 and serum reverse T3 levels and a decline in... 

Cardiac effects Theophylline may cause dysrhythmias or worsen pre-existing arrhythmias. 

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