Anti-inflammatory action

The wide range of inflammation-related factors that adipocytes secrete is linked to the inflammatory response that the tissue exhibits in obesity [1]. Obesity in general, like an increasing number of other diseases, is characterised by a state of mild chronic inflammation, and adipose tissue plays a central role in this. The production of most inflammation-related adipokines increases markedly in obesity and there is an elevated circulating level of a number of these factors as well as of other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP). The increased production of inflammatory adipokines (and decreased production of adiponectin with its anti-inflammatory action) in the obese is considered to play a critical role in the development of the obesity-associated pathologies, particularly type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome [1]. 

A nuclear receptor that is a key transcription factor in adipocytes. It plays a critical role in the control of adipocyte differentiation and is involved in the regulation of the expression of specific adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin. It has anti-inflammatory actions and is the target of the thiazolidinedione drugs. The preintegration complex is a complex of retroviral DNA and proteins that translocates from the cytosol into the nucleus prior to integration. Gene Therapy... 

Decreases the production of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the blood by causing atrophy of the thymus gland blocks the release of cytokines, resulting in a decreased performance of T and B monocytes in the immune response. (This action, coupled with the anti-inflammatory action, makes the corticosteroids useful in delaying organ rejection in patients with transplants.)... 

Aspirin, non-acetylated salicylates, and other NSAIDs have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions. These agents inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, thereby preventing prostaglandin synthesis, which results in reduced nociceptor sensitization and an increased pain threshold. NSAIDs are the preferred agents for mild to moderate pain in situations that are mediated by prostaglandins (e.g., rheumatoid... 

The anti-inflammatory actions of intranasal corticosteroids make them highly effective agents for allergic rhinitis treatment, especially as first-line treatment for patients presenting with persistent or moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. 

Leurs, R., Church, M. K Taglialatela, M. (2002). Hl-antihistamines inverse agonism, anti-inflammatory actions and cardiac effects. Clin. Exp. Allergy 32, 489-98. 

As mentioned above, inhibition of adenosine kinase increases extracellular adenosine concentrations. Interest in enhancement of the neuroprotective, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine has encouraged development of systemically applicable adenosine kinase inhibitor drugs. For example, it was found recently that the specific adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702, when given intraperitoneally, increases sleep and slow wave EEG activity of rats (Radek et al, 2004), a finding that encourages further research into the hypnogenic effect of this type of drug. 

Barnes, P.J., Anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids Molecular mechanisms, Clin. Sci. (Colch.), 94, 557, 1998. 

De Bosscher, K., Vanden Berghe, W., and Haegeman G., Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action and of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids Negative interference of activated glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors, J. Neuroimmunol., 109, 16, 2000. 

Emorfazone (3) exhibits activities equal to or even more potent than those of basic analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs [25, 32, 35, 36], with no inhibiting action on prostaglandin biosynthesis [37,38]. Inhibition of vascular permeability [39] and of bradykinin release [37] was observed with (3). It has been found that the anti-inflammatory action of (3) may be due in part to pituitary-adrenocortical stimulation [40]. 

Antihyperlipidaemic agents, 11 (1975) 119 Anti-inflammatory action of thalidomide, 22 (1985) 165... 

Finally there has been a growing interest in the development of selective leukotriene inhibitors. Bay Y 1015 (R-(-)-2-cycloheptyl-N-methylsulfonyl-(4-(2-quinolinyl-methoxy) phenyl)-acetamide) is a quinoline-type 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor which was effective in inhibiting inflammation in a dextran sulfate model of mouse colitis [112]. Whether these compounds can also exert their anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of endothelial cell activation needs to be established. 

Ibuprofen has good analgesic and anti-inflammatory action. Ibuprofen is made at approximately 16 million Ib/yr in the U.S. Its price is higher than aspirin or acetaminophen and is usually around 9.30/lb. Its common name does tell us something about its structure. There are a number of profens, ... 

As a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, diflunisal exhibits analgesic, fever-reducing, and anti-inflammatory action. It is used for long- and short-lasting symptomatic relief of low to moderate pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.Synonyms for this drug are dolobid, adomal, noladol, and others. 

Hydrocortisone exhibits anti-shock, anti-allergy, and anti-inflammatory action. It raises sugar content in the blood, increases potassium secretion, and lowers sodium excretion from the body. It exhibits anti-metaboUc action and reduces histamine synthesis in the body. 

Astragalus Astragalus membranaceus) Uses Rx of resp infxns, enhancement of immune system, HF Action Root saponins t diuresis, -1- BP anti-inflammatory action related to the stimulation of macrophages, t antibody formation t T-lymphocyte proliferation Available forms Caps/tabs 1-4 g tid, PO Liq ext 4-8 mL/d (1 2 ratio) dry ext 250 mg (1 8 ratio) tid, PO Notes E Immunosuppression w/ doses >28 g Interactions t Effect OF acyclovir, anticoagulants, antihypertensives, antithrombotics, antipits, intCTleukin 2, intCTferon X effect OF cyclophosphamide EMS t Risk of bleeding... 

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