Construction site installations designer

The quite loud explosions (either immediate or delayed) which occur when LNG (containing usually high proportions of heavier materials) is spilled onto water are non-combustive and harmless [1]. Superheating and shock-wave phenomena are involved [2]. There is a similar effect when LNG of normal composition (90% methane) is spilled on to some CsCg hydrocarbons or methanol, acetone or 2-buta-none [3]. A US National Fire Code covers site selection, design, construction and fire prevention aspects of LNG installations [4]. 

The fixed capital investment is the total cost of designing, constructing, and installing a plant and the associated modifications needed to prepare the plant site. The fixed capital investment is made up of... 

Turnkey plant. Consists of all the hardware, software, technical data, and technical assistance necessary for the installation of a complete operating facility for the production of the commodity, a chemical substance, at defined production rates and to specified product qualities. Hardware consists of all the equipment, components, control valves, instruments, reaction vessels, feed lines, and exposition proof barriers necessary for the conduct of the unit operations of the overall production process, whether the items arc assembled or disassembled for transportation. The plant may be designed for installation at a prepared site that includes locally constructed and installed explosion-proof barricades... 

Actually, a prototype of the ELENA NTEP is the pilot and demonstration thermoelectric nuclear reactor installation GAMMA since it was used to validate major concepts of the ELENA project. The current ELENA NTEP project offers an enveloping design that is not bound to a potential plant construction site. It is probable that a particular binding to a construction site will require modifying the project but such modifications are not expected to be so significant as to require the construction of a new demonstration prototype. 

The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 were made on 14 June 1990 and came into force on 2 September 1996 to implement part of Directive 92157/EC and should be read in conjunction with the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations. There are no specific electrical requirements, but Regulation 17 states that plant and equipment has to be safe and maintained in a safe condition. This would include the electrical installation. Standards for electrical installations on construction sites are explained in Chapter 11. 

From an historical perspective, the problem with electrical safety on construction sites largely began after World War II when portable electric tools, electrically powered plant and electric lighting came into general site use. Up until the 1960s, there was no purpose-designed electrical distribution system available, so the main contractor would usually ask the electrical subcontractor to provide a minimum installation at minimal cost. 

The Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations require the installation designer to cooperate with other designers, such as the architect, the planning supervisor and chent, to ensure that the installation will be safe both initially and subsequently as it is altered to suit the various phases of the construction work. This entails a consideration of the risks and a determination of the means to be used to minimise them. When the site work begins, the electrical contractor responsible for the temporary installation has to plan his work so that it can be done safely. 

Construction After Shiraki was chosen as the construction site in 1970, design, R D and licensing for the construction of Monju went ahead. Preparation work started in 1983 and construction work proper began in October 1985. The installation of equipment was completed in April 1991 (Fig. 3.7). 

Important items that require validation include membrane installations, floor slab construction, underfloor venting and in groimd gas venting and barriers. A specific validahon plan should be prepared for each site, based on the site-specific design and risk assessment. 

Cover designs The capillary barrier test section was installed in November 1999. From the surface downward, it is composed of 6 in. of topsoil, 18 in. of moderately compacted silt, and 24 in. of sandy gravel. The cover was seeded in March 2000 with a mixture of grasses, forbs, and shrubs, including bluegrass, wheatgrass, alfalfa, and prickly rose shrubs. A conventional composite cover test section was also constructed at the site. 

In the discussion above, conditions described referred to perfect world conditions—that is, to those conditions that we would want (i.e., the security manager s proverbial wish list) to be incorporated into the design and installation of new chemical industry infrastructure. Post-9/11, in a not-so-perfect world, however, many of the peripheral (fence line) measures described above are more difficult to incorporate into chemical industry site infrastructure. This is not to say that industrial chemical facilities do not have fence lines or fences most of them do. These fences are designed to keep vandals, thieves, and trespassers out. The problem is that many of these facilities were constructed several years ago, before urban encroachment literally encircled the sites—allowing, at present, little room for security stand-backs or setbacks to be incorporated into plants or critical equipment locations. Based on personal observation, many of these fences face busy city streets or closely abut structures outside the fence line. The point is that when one sits down to plan a security upgrade, these factors must be taken into account. 

MITU is capable of treating soils, sludges, sediments, or slurries to depths of up to 30 ft, even through very dense soil, concrete, or rock. They are mobile systems that can be transported and set up quickly and easily. Three different MITU models are available, and each is designed for a different site type, size, and/or treatment rate application. The MITU can also be used for trench installation, slurry wall construction, or horizontal well installation. 

Massachusetts Military Reservation, Falmouth, Massachusetts. Colder Associates Corporation is also involved in a full-scale pilot project at the Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR), near Falmouth, Massachusetts. Two permeable barriers were emplaced at the site using hydraulic fracturing. Installation cost of the demonstration was estimated to be 160,000. This cost included design, construction, and the reactive media (D206235, p. 2). 

In 1996, a field demonstration of horizontal recirculation wells was conducted at the X-701B site of the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Piketon, Ohio. Using directional drilling methods, two horizontal wells 234 ft long were installed to a depth of 32 ft. Design and construction costs were estimated to be 1.43 million (D188709, p. 16). 

Sedimentation Traps. Sediment traps (25) were installed in the hy-polimnion of Little Rock Lake to estimate the downward flux of Hg to the sediment surface. Traps were constructed of acrylic and Teflon following the design of Shafer (26). No metal components were used to avoid possible contamination artifacts. Traps were placed at 9 m at the 10-m-deep holesampling site. Traps were suspended from surface floats to prevent disturbing bottom sediments during deployment and retrieval. 

In addition to the above studies, radiochemical analyses were performed on water which flowed into the experimental trench during its construction. Initial radionuclide concentrations in the water were comparable to those in water from waste trench 27 (Table I), indicating that subsurface migration of radionuclides has occurred over short distances on site at Maxey Flats. When the experimental trench was resampled later, the radionuclide concentrations were much lower, perhaps because the trench design perturbed the migration of radionuclides. Consequently, we installed and sampled a series of inert atmosphere wells around the experimental trench. 

---